Documentation: Add Study View Data Binning Algorithm Overview

[addiiiti]

Pull Request Description:

This PR introduces a comprehensive documentation file detailing the current Java-based data binning algorithm used in cBioPortal’s Study View. The documentation outlines the binning methodology, implementation workflow, key components, and potential areas for optimization.

Key Additions:

• A new Markdown file: docs/study_view_binning_algorithm.md
• Explanation of binning strategies: quartile-based, median-split, and custom binning
• Breakdown of the current Java implementation, including key classes and functions
• Identification of performance bottlenecks and memory constraints
• Recommendations for improving efficiency, particularly by leveraging ClickHouse for in-database binning

Purpose & Relevance:

This documentation serves as a reference for developers contributing to the planned migration of binning logic from Java to SQL. It ensures a clear understanding of the existing implementation and provides a foundation for future optimizations.