chore: bump build base to ubuntu 24.04

[gruyaume]

Description

Bump the build base to Ubuntu 24.04. Here we also need to include the base-files_lib slice because starting Ubuntu 24.04, the 'base-files' package provides "bin" as a symlink to "usr/bin".

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my own code.
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.
• I have added tests that validate the behaviour of the software.
• I validated that new and existing tests pass locally with my changes.
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules.