[boost] Conan 2.x cleanup

[uilianries]

Summary

Changes to recipe: boost/1.88.0

Motivation

During the PR #26030 several other changes were made in order to simplify this recipe when using Conan 2.x, allowing for a reduction in the maintenance effort. Those changes were moved to here instead.

Details

• Requires Conan 2.2 as minimal version
• Add package type as library
• Deprecate debug_level in favor of Conan conf tools.build:verbosity
• Remove option i18n_backend, deprecated already
• Remove short_paths, no longer used in Conan 2.x
• Remove _settings_build. Not used in the recipe and deprecated with Conan 2.x
• Remove several replace_in_file (patch) that are no longer applied (stritc=False hides it)
• Use log info instead of warning for most cases to avoid output pollution
• Remove Conan 1.x cpp_info.name

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• Read the contributing guidelines
• Checked that this PR is not a duplicate: list of PRs by recipe
• Tested locally with at least one configuration using a recent version of Conan