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Summary:
Pandas 3.0 introduced Copy-on-Write (CoW) which makes chained assignment with inplace=True ineffective. The pattern df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True) no longer modifies the original DataFrame because the column selection creates a copy.

Replace the chained inplace=True pattern with explicit assignment:

  • df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)df["col"] = df["col"].replace(...)

This eliminates the ChainedAssignmentError warning and ensures the DataFrame is actually modified as intended.

Differential Revision: D91187974

@meta-cla meta-cla bot added the CLA Signed Do not delete this pull request or issue due to inactivity. label Jan 22, 2026
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meta-codesync bot commented Jan 22, 2026

@mgarrard has exported this pull request. If you are a Meta employee, you can view the originating Diff in D91187974.

Summary:

I'm not sure why these are showing up as failures today, we migrated to Python scientific stack in july 2024, but these are deprecation warnings we should go ahead and take care of anyway. Figured would knock them out while they are causing me issues

Prompted after some failures in exports not related to my changes: https://github.com/facebook/Ax/actions/runs/21225324302/job/61070638075?fbclid=IwY2xjawPeXMFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFRTkR6WlE4NHVrd3IyQXNlc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQBMAABHjTAiZi71n24w95hvzEewrKNPKOGzJisgR7t4qJ3APRMYlusgFC-gu7RLiSb_aem_Zk3pmTDonCFsJvZCTkpeMA


Add `.copy()` after `.numpy()` calls to ensure arrays are writeable.
PyTorch tensors converted via `.detach().cpu().numpy()` return read-only
arrays in some cases. The subsequent squeeze operations create read-only
views, and the in-place assignment `loo_covs[:, diag_idx, diag_idx] = loo_vars`
fails with "assignment destination is read-only" error.

Differential Revision: D91185467
…ok#4795)

Summary:

Prompted after some failures in exports not related to my changes: https://github.com/facebook/Ax/actions/runs/21225324302/job/61070638075?fbclid=IwY2xjawPeXMFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFRTkR6WlE4NHVrd3IyQXNlc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQBMAABHjTAiZi71n24w95hvzEewrKNPKOGzJisgR7t4qJ3APRMYlusgFC-gu7RLiSb_aem_Zk3pmTDonCFsJvZCTkpeMA

Pandas 2.0+ changed default string column dtype from `object` to
`StringDtype(na_value=nan)`. The `_safecast_df()` method doesn't properly
handle the comparison between `StringDtype` and `np.dtype("O")` because
they are different types that don't compare equal.

Add explicit check for `pd.StringDtype` to force casting when needed.

Differential Revision: D91185469
Summary:

Prompted after some failures in exports not related to my changes: https://github.com/facebook/Ax/actions/runs/21225324302/job/61070638075?fbclid=IwY2xjawPeXMFleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFRTkR6WlE4NHVrd3IyQXNlc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQBMAABHjTAiZi71n24w95hvzEewrKNPKOGzJisgR7t4qJ3APRMYlusgFC-gu7RLiSb_aem_Zk3pmTDonCFsJvZCTkpeMA

The `trial_indices` property returns `set[np.int64]` from `.unique()` on
numpy-backed dataframes, but `experiment.trials.keys()` returns Python `int`.
Set operations fail because `np.int64` and `int` are treated as different
types in set comparisons.

Convert numpy types to Python int using set comprehension.

Differential Revision: D91185468
Summary:

The `copy=False` parameter in `DataFrame.astype()` and `DataFrame.reindex()` was deprecated in pandas 2.0 and removed in pandas 3.0. These calls now raise warnings or errors.

Remove the deprecated `copy=False` argument from:
- `arm_data.astype(dtype=column_to_type, copy=False)` in `cast.py`
- `df.reindex(columns=desired_order, copy=False)` in `data.py`

This is part of the ongoing pandas 2.0+ compatibility fixes.

Differential Revision: D91186870
Summary:

Converting a list of numpy arrays directly to a PyTorch tensor is extremely slow because PyTorch iterates through each array individually. This fix converts the list to a single contiguous numpy array first using `np.array()`, which PyTorch can then convert efficiently in one operation.

Performance benchmark (10 constraints × 1000 arms, 100 iterations):
- Before: 1.546 ms per call
- After: 0.428 ms per call
- **Speedup: 3.6x faster**

This eliminates the UserWarning that was cluttering test output and logs.

Differential Revision: D91187902
…k#4799)

Summary:

Pandas 3.0 introduced Copy-on-Write (CoW) which makes chained assignment with `inplace=True` ineffective. The pattern `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` no longer modifies the original DataFrame because the column selection creates a copy.

Replace the chained `inplace=True` pattern with explicit assignment:
- `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` → `df["col"] = df["col"].replace(...)`

This eliminates the `ChainedAssignmentError` warning and ensures the DataFrame is actually modified as intended.

Differential Revision: D91187974
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Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 84.61538% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 96.70%. Comparing base (6045c31) to head (f4b6157).

Files with missing lines Patch % Lines
ax/adapter/cross_validation.py 50.00% 2 Missing ⚠️
Additional details and impacted files
@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4799   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   96.70%   96.70%           
=======================================
  Files         587      587           
  Lines       61294    61296    +2     
=======================================
+ Hits        59273    59276    +3     
+ Misses       2021     2020    -1     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

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mgarrard added a commit to mgarrard/Ax that referenced this pull request Jan 22, 2026
…k#4799)

Summary:

Pandas 3.0 introduced Copy-on-Write (CoW) which makes chained assignment with `inplace=True` ineffective. The pattern `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` no longer modifies the original DataFrame because the column selection creates a copy.

Replace the chained `inplace=True` pattern with explicit assignment:
- `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` → `df["col"] = df["col"].replace(...)`

This eliminates the `ChainedAssignmentError` warning and ensures the DataFrame is actually modified as intended.

Differential Revision: D91187974
mgarrard added a commit to mgarrard/Ax that referenced this pull request Jan 22, 2026
…k#4799)

Summary:

Pandas 3.0 introduced Copy-on-Write (CoW) which makes chained assignment with `inplace=True` ineffective. The pattern `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` no longer modifies the original DataFrame because the column selection creates a copy.

Replace the chained `inplace=True` pattern with explicit assignment:
- `df["col"].replace(..., inplace=True)` → `df["col"] = df["col"].replace(...)`

This eliminates the `ChainedAssignmentError` warning and ensures the DataFrame is actually modified as intended.

Differential Revision: D91187974
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