Skip inapplicable parent overloads during override checking (#2880)

[migeed-z]

Summary:

When binding an overloaded method to an object, filter out overloads whose
self parameter type is incompatible with the object type. This fixes false
positive bad-override errors when subclassing str (and similar classes
with LiteralString overloads) and adding optional parameters to overridden
methods.

For example, str.upper() has two overloads:

1. (self: LiteralString) -> LiteralString
2. (self) -> str

When MyString(str) overrides upper(), the override check previously
required the child to satisfy ALL parent overloads, including the
LiteralString one. Since MyString is not LiteralString, the check
failed with a false positive. Now, inapplicable overloads are filtered out
during method binding.

Fixes #2309

Differential Revision: D97805178

[meta-codesync]

@migeed-z has exported this pull request. If you are a Meta employee, you can view the originating Diff in D97805178.

[github-actions]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

dulwich (https://github.com/dulwich/dulwich)
- ERROR dulwich/cli.py:801:9-14: Class member `Pager.write` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR dulwich/cli.py:867:9-19: Class member `Pager.writelines` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

setuptools (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools)
- ERROR setuptools/_vendor/importlib_metadata/_text.py:97:9-14: Class member `FoldedCase.split` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
+ ERROR setuptools/_vendor/importlib_metadata/_text.py:97:9-14: Class member `FoldedCase.split` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-param-name-override]
- ERROR setuptools/_vendor/jaraco/text/__init__.py:132:9-14: Class member `FoldedCase.split` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
+ ERROR setuptools/_vendor/jaraco/text/__init__.py:132:9-14: Class member `FoldedCase.split` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-param-name-override]
- ERROR setuptools/_vendor/jaraco/text/__init__.py:431:9-17: Class member `SeparatedValues.__iter__` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

django-stubs (https://github.com/typeddjango/django-stubs)
- ERROR django-stubs/utils/safestring.pyi:14:9-16: Class member `SafeString.__add__` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

bidict (https://github.com/jab/bidict)
- ERROR bidict/_bidict.py:158:9-15: Class member `MutableBidict.update` overrides parent class `MutableBidirectionalMapping` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

pip (https://github.com/pypa/pip)
- ERROR src/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py:39:9-19: Class member `NullFile.writelines` overrides parent class `IO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR src/pip/_vendor/rich/_null_file.py:59:9-14: Class member `NullFile.write` overrides parent class `IO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

mypy (https://github.com/python/mypy)
- ERROR mypy/dmypy_util.py:107:9-14: Class member `WriteToConn.write` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/dmypy_util.py:115:9-19: Class member `WriteToConn.writelines` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/typeshed/stdlib/codecs.pyi:302:9-19: Class member `StreamReaderWriter.writelines` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/typeshed/stdlib/urllib/response.pyi:21:9-14: Class member `addbase.write` overrides parent class `_TemporaryFileWrapper` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/typeshed/stdlib/urllib/response.pyi:22:9-19: Class member `addbase.writelines` overrides parent class `_TemporaryFileWrapper` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/typeshed/stdlib/weakref.pyi:121:9-15: Class member `WeakValueDictionary.update` overrides parent class `MutableMapping` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR mypy/typeshed/stdlib/weakref.pyi:177:9-15: Class member `WeakKeyDictionary.update` overrides parent class `MutableMapping` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

pyodide (https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide)
- ERROR src/py/_pyodide/_core_docs.py:1180:9-15: Class member `JsMutableMap.update` overrides parent class `MutableMapping` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

rich (https://github.com/Textualize/rich)
- ERROR rich/_null_file.py:39:9-19: Class member `NullFile.writelines` overrides parent class `IO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR rich/_null_file.py:59:9-14: Class member `NullFile.write` overrides parent class `IO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

spark (https://github.com/apache/spark)
- ERROR python/pyspark/logger/worker_io.py:90:9-14: Class member `DelegatingTextIOWrapper.write` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR python/pyspark/logger/worker_io.py:93:9-19: Class member `DelegatingTextIOWrapper.writelines` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

schema_salad (https://github.com/common-workflow-language/schema_salad)
- ERROR mypy-stubs/rdflib/namespace/__init__.pyi:38:9-20: Class member `Namespace.__getitem__` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

pytest (https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest)
- ERROR src/_pytest/capture.py:273:9-14: Class member `DontReadFromInput.write` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]
- ERROR src/_pytest/capture.py:276:9-19: Class member `DontReadFromInput.writelines` overrides parent class `TextIO` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]

cwltool (https://github.com/common-workflow-language/cwltool)
- ERROR mypy-stubs/rdflib/namespace/__init__.pyi:38:9-20: Class member `Namespace.__getitem__` overrides parent class `str` in an inconsistent manner [bad-override]