PEP 440 defines several version comparison operators, some of which do
not exist in RPM, and some which follow slightly different rules with
regard to version identifiers.

Python packaging version identifiers have two significant differences
from RPM's version identifiers.  The first is that version a version
identifier may have a '.*' suffix, which indicates that only the
version identifier prefix must match in order to satisfy the
condition, whereas rpm does not provide matching by glob patterns.
The second is that python will "zero pad" a version identifier during
comparison to ensure that the versions being compared are of the same
length, whereas trailing zeros are significant in rpm's version
comparisons, resulting in a value greater than a version with a
matching prefix but no trailing zeros.


    ~=: Compatible release clause

The compatible release operator has no analog in RPM.  The preferred
format for an equivalent RPM requirement statement is:

(name >= x.y.z with name < x.(y+1))

In order to create the upper version boundary, the least significant
version number should be dropped, and the next least significant
version number should be incremented by one.

Trailing dot-zero suffixes should be removed from the original version
identifier.


    ==: Version matching clause

The version matching clause in RPM is '='.  The preferred format for
an equivalent RPM requirement statement is:

name = version

If the version identifier has a '.*' suffix, the '*' character should
be replaced with a '0', and the matching clause should be treated as
if it were a compatible release operator instead, as described above.

Trailing dot-zero suffixes should be removed from the version
identifier.


    !=: Version exclusion clause

The version exclusion clause has no analog in RPM.  The preferred
format for an equivalent RPM requirement statement is:

(name < version or name > version)

If the version identifier has a '.*' suffix, the suffix should be
removed.  In order to create the lower version boundary, the least
significant version number should be incremented by one.

Trailing dot-zero suffixes should be removed from the version
identifier.


    <=, >=: Inclusive ordered comparison clause
    <, >: Exclusive ordered comparison clause

The operators above are similar to the same operators in RPM.

Trailing dot-zero suffixes should be removed from the version
identifier.


    ===: Arbitrary equality clause.

The arbitrary equality clause is not supported.



References:

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/#version-specifiers

    ~=: Compatible release clause
    ==: Version matching clause
    !=: Version exclusion clause
    <=, >=: Inclusive ordered comparison clause
    <, >: Exclusive ordered comparison clause
    ===: Arbitrary equality clause.

    The comma (",") is equivalent to a logical and operator

https://rpm.org/user_doc/dependencies.html
https://rpm.org/user_doc/boolean_dependencies.html

    Instead of ‘>=’, you may also use ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘<=’, or ‘=’.

Dot-zero suffixes are significant in rpm:

    $ rpmdev-vercmp 1.0-1 1-3
    1.0-1 > 1-3
    $ rpmdev-vercmp 1.0-1 1.0-3
    1.0-1 < 1.0-3