VAULT-31749: Interceptors to reject requests from removed Raft nodes

[miagilepner]

Description

This PR adds interceptors to the request forwarding GRPC connection to include the HA node ID in requests, and check whether the node ID is present in the current configuration. If it is not, an error is returned and the client recognizes that error and shuts down, if it receives it. The error also stops any request forwarding, so that the client also receives the error.

Ent PR: https://github.com/hashicorp/vault-enterprise/pull/6959

TODO only if you're a HashiCorp employee

• Backport Labels: If this PR is in the ENT repo and needs to be backported, backport
  to N, N-1, and N-2, using the backport/ent/x.x.x+ent labels. If this PR is in the CE repo, you should only backport to N, using the backport/x.x.x label, not the enterprise labels.
  • If this fixes a critical security vulnerability or severity 1 bug, it will also need to be backported to the current LTS versions of Vault. To ensure this, use all available enterprise labels.
• ENT Breakage: If this PR either 1) removes a public function OR 2) changes the signature
  of a public function, even if that change is in a CE file, double check that
  applying the patch for this PR to the ENT repo and running tests doesn't
  break any tests. Sometimes ENT only tests rely on public functions in CE
  files.
• Jira: If this change has an associated Jira, it's referenced either
  in the PR description, commit message, or branch name.
• RFC: If this change has an associated RFC, please link it in the description.
• ENT PR: If this change has an associated ENT PR, please link it in the
  description. Also, make sure the changelog is in this PR, not in your ENT PR.

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CI Results:
All Go tests succeeded! ✅

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