Fix minimum schema version to run event_id_post_migration

[bdraco]

Proposed change

The table rebuild to fix the foreign key constraint was added in #120779 but the schema version was not bumped so we need to make sure any database that was created with schema 43 or older still has the migration run as otherwise they will not be able to purge the database with SQLite since each delete in the events table will due a full table scan of the states table to look for a foreign key that is not there

Note that everything works as expected with the migration, but the schema version was set too low so it simply didn't run. The only functional change here is the constant value used to run the migration for databases that were created with schema <= 43 and instead of schema < 28

fixes #138818 fixes #138649 fixes #137651

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[bdraco]

Got distracted with esphome/esphome#8297 need to finish fixing the tests

[bdraco]

Thanks