Improve type checking of request data

[7nohe]

I implemented the feature of #1536.

import { router } from '@inertiajs/vue3'
type RequestData = { message: string }
const onClick = () => {
  router.post<RequestData>(url, { title: 'hello' }, options) // <- TypeScript Error
  router.post<RequestData>(url, { message: 'hello' }, options) // <- OK
}

In this PR, I have added improved type checking for request data.
The code snippet above demonstrates how the new feature works.
When posting data with an incorrect property, such as { title: 'hello' }, it will result in a TypeScript error.

[joetannenbaum]

Closing this as we're not adding any new features or non-emergency fixes for 1.x. But I do like this a lot, so I ported it over for 2.x here with credit to you, thank you!

#2304