Update Android Gradle Plugin to `8.11.0` and Gradle Wrapper to `8.14.3` + update default API target to `35` in tests by FilipeMarch · Pull Request #3172 · kivy/python-for-android

FilipeMarch · 2025-07-13T04:37:15Z

Already tested here and it's working fine:
On buildozer.spec:

android.api = 36
android.minapi = 24
p4a.source_dir = /home/kivyschool/python-for-android

[INFO]:    Will compile for the following archs: arm64-v8a
[INFO]:    Found Android API target in $ANDROIDAPI: 36
[INFO]:    Found NDK dir in $ANDROIDNDK: /home/kivyschool/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r25b
[INFO]:    Found NDK version 25b
[DEBUG]:   
[DEBUG]:   	Welcome to Gradle 8.14.3!
[DEBUG]:   	
[DEBUG]:   	Here are the highlights of this release:
[DEBUG]:   	 - Java 24 support
[DEBUG]:   	 - GraalVM Native Image toolchain selection
[DEBUG]:   	 - Enhancements to test reporting
[DEBUG]:   	 - Build Authoring improvements
[DEBUG]:   
[DEBUG]:        BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 12s
[DEBUG]:        34 actionable tasks: 33 executed, 1 up-to-date
[DEBUG]:

Summary

gradle-wrapper.properties: distributionUrl now points to gradle‑8.14.3‑all.zip
build.tmpl.gradle:
- classpath updated from 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.1' to 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.11.0'
- Repository mirror updated from jcenter() to mavenCentral().

Motivation

I tried to compile my application using android.api = 36 but started getting these logs:

[INFO]:    Detected highest available build tools version to be 36.0.0
[DEBUG]:   -> running gradlew clean assembleDebug
[DEBUG]:       WARNING: We recommend using a newer Android Gradle plugin to use compileSdk = 36
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       This Android Gradle plugin (8.1.1) was tested up to compileSdk = 34.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       You are strongly encouraged to update your project to use a newer
[DEBUG]:       Android Gradle plugin that has been tested with compileSdk = 36.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       If you are already using the latest version of the Android Gradle plugin,
[DEBUG]:       you may need to wait until a newer version with support for compileSdk = 36 is available.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       To suppress this warning, add/update
[DEBUG]:           android.suppressUnsupportedCompileSdk=36
[DEBUG]:       to this project's gradle.properties.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       > Task :processDebugMainManifest
[DEBUG]:       /home/kivyschool/test/.buildozer/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a/dists/kivy_reloader/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml:55:18-50 Warning:
[DEBUG]:               android:extractNativeLibs should not be specified in this source AndroidManifest.xml file. See https://d.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#extractNativeLibs for more information.
[DEBUG]:       The AGP Upgrade Assistant can remove the attribute from the AndroidManifest.xml file and update the build file accordingly. See https://d.android.com/studio/build/agp-upgrade-assistant for more information.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       > Task :compileDebugJavaWithJavac
[DEBUG]:       Note: Some input files use or override a deprecated API.
[DEBUG]:       Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
[DEBUG]:       
[DEBUG]:       Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 9.0.

After some investigation:

Play Console enforces targetSdkVersion ≥ 35; this requires AGP ≥ 8.6 and Gradle ≥ 8.13.
Gradle 8.14.3 satisfies the toolchain floor for AGP 8.11.0.
jcenter() is deprecated; switching to mavenCentral() removes a dead dependency source.

* `distributionUrl` now points to `gradle‑8.14.3‑all.zip`

misl6 · 2025-07-14T18:20:25Z

I tried to build with a slightly different version (been more conservative), a few days ago, and also seemed fine to me.
I see the automated tests are failing, did you already tried to reproduce it locally?

UPDATE: I see the issue might be the current default target SDK, I guess we should just increase it. 😄

misl6 · 2025-07-15T19:13:39Z

Checked test results after latest changes, APP_PLATFORM := $(NDK_API) in Application.mk might be missing for web view and library 😬

FilipeMarch · 2025-07-16T05:00:05Z

Hum... got 32 passed, 1 failed here; it seems something went wrong on service_library

Hopefully [this](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/actions/runs/16309986846/job/46063689527?pr=3172) will pass

Novfensec · 2025-07-16T05:32:30Z

Latest stable NDK to build for android.api = 36 is r28c. So The default minimum should be r28c for newer builds. Also using ndk>=r28 will force 16KiB alignement as default.

To override this behavior we can do below:
This may not work as android may reject .so files

CMakeLists.txt:

set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,-z,max-page-size=4096")

Android.mk:

LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wl,-z,max-page-size=4096

Overall we need to first add 16KiB support.

T-Dynamos · 2025-07-16T13:17:04Z

@Novfensec SDL won't build in latest NDK until #3164 is pushed.

Ref: #3136 (comment)

misl6 · 2025-07-22T19:00:04Z

Hum... got 32 passed, 1 failed here; it seems something went wrong on service_library

APP_ABI := $(ARCH) in Application.mk of service_library is missing :)

misl6

LGTM. Thank you!

…3` + update default API target to `35` in tests (kivy#3172) * 🔧 build: upgrade Gradle wrapper to `8.14.3` * `distributionUrl` now points to `gradle‑8.14.3‑all.zip` * 🔧 build: bump AGP to `8.11.0`, replace `jcenter()` with `mavenCentral()` * Update `android-api` to 35 in `testapps/on_device_unit_tests/setup.py` * Update target android.api to 35 in buildozer.spec * Update `ANDROID_API_LEVEL` to 35 in `android.mk` * Set `APP_PLATFORM` in `Application.mk` to use `NDK_API` * Add `Application.mk` with `APP_PLATFORM` for service_library bootstrap Hopefully [this](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/actions/runs/16309986846/job/46063689527?pr=3172) will pass * Define `APP_ABI` variable in `Application.mk` for arch targeting ----- cherry-pick of kivy@a8f2ca1 from kivy#3172 (minus the unit test changes, as they conflict) (plus qt6 equivalent change)

When building on debian 12, we were using Java 17. On debian 13, there is Java 21. Gradle was giving build errors with new Java: ``` Could not compile build file '/home/user/wspace/electrum/.buildozer_qml/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a/dists/Electrum/build.gradle'. > startup failed: General error during conversion: Unsupported class file major version 65 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 65 ``` see https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/compatibility.html for our p4a fork, this cherry-picks: - kivy/python-for-android@17bf532 - kivy/python-for-android#3172 kivy/python-for-android@a8f2ca1

When building on debian 12, we were using Java 17. On debian 13, there is Java 21. Gradle was giving build errors with new Java: ``` Could not compile build file '/home/user/wspace/electrum/.buildozer_qml/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a/dists/Electrum/build.gradle'. > startup failed: General error during conversion: Unsupported class file major version 65 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 65 ``` see https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/compatibility.html for our p4a fork, this cherry-picks: - kivy/python-for-android@17bf532 - kivy/python-for-android#3172 kivy/python-for-android@a8f2ca1 --- However this still does not work yet: - contrib/android/make_barcode_scanner.sh fails, as markusfisch/zxing-cpp and markusfisch/CameraView are also using too old gradle versions for Java 21 - it they are intentionally doing this to maintain compat with Android 4: see markusfisch/zxing-cpp@d98ed5d so for now maybe the path of least resistance is to downgrade to Java 17?

When building on debian 12, we were using Java 17. On debian 13, Java 17 is not packaged anymore, instead there is Java 21 and 25. Ideally we should upgrade to Java 21 and just install it from apt. However old Gradle is not compatible with new Java, so we have to upgrade Gradle for that. - see https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/compatibility.html Old Gradle is giving build errors with Java 21: ``` Could not compile build file '/home/user/wspace/electrum/.buildozer_qml/android/platform/build-arm64-v8a/dists/Electrum/build.gradle'. > startup failed: General error during conversion: Unsupported class file major version 65 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 65 ``` for our p4a fork, I tried to cherry-pick stuff from upstream: - kivy/python-for-android@17bf532 - kivy/python-for-android#3172 kivy/python-for-android@a8f2ca1 - see SomberNight/python-for-android@a01269f...846a109 That seems sufficient to upgrade Gradle as far as p4a is concerned. However that still did not work yet: - contrib/android/make_barcode_scanner.sh fails, as markusfisch/zxing-cpp and markusfisch/CameraView are also using too old gradle versions for Java 21 - it seems they are intentionally doing this to maintain compat with Android 4: see markusfisch/zxing-cpp@d98ed5d So for now maybe the path of least resistance is to downgrade to Java 17 :(

FilipeMarch added 2 commits July 13, 2025 01:10

🔧 build: upgrade Gradle wrapper to 8.14.3

5c36a90

* `distributionUrl` now points to `gradle‑8.14.3‑all.zip`

🔧 build: bump AGP to 8.11.0, replace jcenter() with mavenCentral()

254a9e2

kuzeyron added the core-providers Core code that's not a recipe label Jul 15, 2025

FilipeMarch added 3 commits July 15, 2025 14:16

Update android-api to 35 in testapps/on_device_unit_tests/setup.py

c753655

Update target android.api to 35 in buildozer.spec

9c04802

Update ANDROID_API_LEVEL to 35 in android.mk

6d61a98

Set APP_PLATFORM in Application.mk to use NDK_API

87f5f34

Add Application.mk with APP_PLATFORM for service_library bootstrap

cced236

Hopefully [this](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/actions/runs/16309986846/job/46063689527?pr=3172) will pass

Define APP_ABI variable in Application.mk for arch targeting

c6e127d

misl6 approved these changes Jul 22, 2025

View reviewed changes

misl6 changed the title ~~Update Android Gradle Plugin to 8.11.0 and Gradle Wrapper to 8.14.3~~ Update Android Gradle Plugin to 8.11.0 and Gradle Wrapper to 8.14.3 + update default API target to 35 in tests Jul 22, 2025

misl6 merged commit a8f2ca1 into kivy:develop Jul 22, 2025
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Update Android Gradle Plugin to `8.11.0` and Gradle Wrapper to `8.14.3` + update default API target to `35` in tests #3172

Update Android Gradle Plugin to `8.11.0` and Gradle Wrapper to `8.14.3` + update default API target to `35` in tests #3172
misl6 merged 8 commits intokivy:developfrom
FilipeMarch:develop

FilipeMarch commented Jul 13, 2025

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FilipeMarch commented Jul 13, 2025

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