opt: Skip over barren combinations of tiny UTXOs

Given a lot of small amount UTXOs it is possible that the lookahead
indicates sufficient funds, but any combination of them would push us
beyond the current best_weight.
We can estimate a lower bound for the minimal necessary weight to reach
target from the maximal amount and minimal weight in the tail of the
UTXO pool: if adding a number of hypothetical UTXOs of this maximum
amount and minimum weight would not be able to beat `best_weight`, we
can SHIFT to the omission branch, and CUT if the last selected UTXO is
not heavier than the minimum weight of the remainder.

src/wallet/coinselection.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <util/check.h>
 #include <util/moneystr.h>
 
+#include <cmath>
 #include <numeric>
 #include <optional>
 #include <queue>
@@ -454,6 +455,13 @@ util::Result<SelectionResult> CoinGrinder(std::vector<OutputGroup>& utxo_pool, c
                 best_selection_weight = curr_weight;
                 best_selection_amount = curr_amount;
             }
+        } else if (!best_selection.empty() && curr_weight + int64_t{min_tail_weight[curr_tail]} * std::ceil((total_target - curr_amount) / utxo_pool[curr_tail].GetSelectionAmount()) > best_selection_weight) {
+            // Compare minimal tail weight and last selected amount with the amount missing to gauge whether a better weight is still possible.
+            if (utxo_pool[curr_tail].m_weight <= min_tail_weight[curr_tail]) {
+                should_cut = true;
+            } else {
+                should_shift = true;
+            }
         }
 
         if (curr_try >= TOTAL_TRIES) {

src/wallet/test/coinselector_tests.cpp

@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(coin_grinder_tests)
     // 4) Test that two less valuable UTXOs with a combined lower weight are preferred over a more valuable heavier UTXO
     // 5) Test finding a solution in a UTXO pool with mixed weights
     // 6) Test that the lightest solution among many clones is found
-    // 7) Lots of tiny UTXOs of different amounts quickly exhausts the search attempts
+    // 7) Test that lots of tiny UTXOs can be skipped if they are too heavy while there are enough funds in lookahead
 
     FastRandomContext rand;
     CoinSelectionParams dummy_params{ // Only used to provide the 'avoid_partial' flag.
@@ -1180,7 +1180,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(coin_grinder_tests)
         });
         BOOST_CHECK(res);
         // If this takes more attempts, the implementation has regressed
-        size_t expected_attempts = 184;
+        size_t expected_attempts = 37;
         BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(res->GetSelectionsEvaluated() == expected_attempts, strprintf("Expected %i attempts, but got %i", expected_attempts, res->GetSelectionsEvaluated()));
     }
 
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(coin_grinder_tests)
         });
         BOOST_CHECK(res);
         // If this takes more attempts, the implementation has regressed
-        size_t expected_attempts = 218;
+        size_t expected_attempts = 182;
         BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(res->GetSelectionsEvaluated() == expected_attempts, strprintf("Expected %i attempts, but got %i", expected_attempts, res->GetSelectionsEvaluated()));
     }
 
@@ -1271,7 +1271,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(coin_grinder_tests)
 
     {
         // #################################################################################################################
-        // 7) Lots of tiny UTXOs of different amounts quickly exhausts the search attempts
+        // 7) Test that lots of tiny UTXOs can be skipped if they are too heavy while there are enough funds in lookahead
         // #################################################################################################################
         CAmount target =  1.9L * COIN;
         int max_weight = 40000; // WU
@@ -1287,11 +1287,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(coin_grinder_tests)
             return available_coins;
         });
         SelectionResult expected_result(CAmount(0), SelectionAlgorithm::CG);
-        add_coin(1.8 * COIN, 1, expected_result);
+        add_coin(1 * COIN, 1, expected_result);
         add_coin(1 * COIN, 2, expected_result);
         BOOST_CHECK(EquivalentResult(expected_result, *res));
         // If this takes more attempts, the implementation has regressed
-        size_t expected_attempts = 100'000;
+        size_t expected_attempts = 7;
         BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(res->GetSelectionsEvaluated() == expected_attempts, strprintf("Expected %i attempts, but got %i", expected_attempts, res->GetSelectionsEvaluated()));
     }
 }