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## Objectives
The objective of this project is to use deep learning (DL) techniques for registering
pediatric brain MRI scans and allowing quicker processing time.
pediatric brain MRI scans and inspecting different initialization methods.
[DeepReg version 0.0.0](https://deepreg.readthedocs.io/en/develop/tutorial/registration.html) [1] is used to implement the unsupervised learning-based registration task. The only main modification is the removal of affine data augmentation in the automatic pre-processing steps available in their framework. It is a tensorflow based implementation DL toolbox with unsupervised and weakly-supervised algorithms. The U-Net architecture was used and the output is a dense displacement field (DDF). One can easily train different networks using configuration files. The [config files](https://github.com/neuropoly/pediatric-DL-registration/tree/main/config_files) used in this work are available in this repository. DeepReg's GitHub repository [2] is available for further consultations with scripts coded in Python.

## Requirements
Expand All @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ subject. The selected 64 subjects are presented in PatientDict.txt with the firs
column being the subject and the second all image scanIDs. <br />

## Preprocessing
Images were first N4 bias field corrected were inputted to [SynthSeg](https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/SynthSeg) version 2.0 to obtain 18 brain regions of interest for validation purposes. Then, images were rescaled to 1.5 mm isotropic resolution using FLIRT version 6.0 (-applyisoxfm option).
Initially, the images underwent N4 bias field correction before being processed through [SynthSeg](https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/SynthSeg) version 2.0 to obtain 18 brain regions of interest for validation purposes. Subsequently, the images were rescaled to a 1.5 mm isotropic resolution using FLIRT version 6.0 with the (-applyisoxfm option).

## Procedure

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* Rigidly registered via ANTs intra-subject pairs (RigidReg)
* Rigid and affine registered via ANTs intra-subject pairs (RigidAffineReg)

These three different inputs were used and compared SyN ANTs as shown in the figure below:
All three distinct inputs were employed in both DL-based and SyN ANTs [3] registration schemes, as illustrated in the figure below. A comparative analysis was conducted, considering Dice score results, pre-registration and registration time, the number of negative Jacobian determinants, and the sum absolute of log Jacobian determinants to evaluate their respective performance.
![](/images/fig-1.png "Scheme of all three initialization approaches used")

As for the full pipeline, it is visible below:
![](/images/fig-a3.png "Full pipeline")

The [scripts folder](https://github.com/neuropoly/pediatric-DL-registration/tree/main/scripts) contains multiple functions and bash scripts for: <br />
The [scripts folder](https://github.com/neuropoly/pediatric-DL-registration/tree/main/scripts) contains multiple functions and bash scripts for all analyses that were conducted, including: <br />
* Training all intra-subject pairs
* Evaluating the registration learning-based approaches on segmentations after warping
* Jacobian determinant calculations
Expand All @@ -52,10 +52,12 @@ Graphs depicting Dice score results in relation to the age interval between pair
## References

[1]DeepReg. Image Registration with Deep Learning. 2021. url: https://deepreg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorial/registration.html. <br />
[2]DeepReg. Medical image registration using deep learning. 2021. url: https://github.com/DeepRegNet/DeepReg.
[2]DeepReg. Medical image registration using deep learning. 2021. url: https://github.com/DeepRegNet/DeepReg. <br />
[3]Avants BB, Epstein CL, Grossman M, Gee JC. Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain. Med Image Anal. 2008 Feb;12(1):26-41. doi: 10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 23. PMID: 17659998; PMCID: PMC2276735.

## Citing this work

If some of these implementations helped you, please don't hesitate to cite the followings:
- A. Dimitrijevic, V. Noblet, and B. De Leener, Deep Learning-Based Longitudinal Intra-subject Registration of Pediatric Brain MR Images,” in Biomedical Image Registration, 2022, pp. 206–210.
-...
- Dimitrijevic, A., Noblet, V., De Leener, B. (2022). Deep Learning-Based Longitudinal Intra-subject Registration of Pediatric Brain MR Images. In: Hering, A., Schnabel, J., Zhang, M., Ferrante, E., Heinrich, M., Rueckert, D. (eds) Biomedical Image Registration. WBIR 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13386. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11203-4_24


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