Make service discoveries removable through Go build tags

[ArthurSens]

Description

This PR is built on top of prometheus/prometheus#17736. There are a lot of go mod changes, and that also inherits fixes to interface changes that were made since Prometheus 3.8

The only change that is really about making SDs removable is this change in imports in factory.go:

-	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/discovery/install" // init() of this package registers service discovery impl.
+	_ "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/plugins" // init() of this package registers service discovery impl.

Link to tracking issue

Fixes #44406

Testing

Used two builder configs and measured the binary size difference:

Without build tags(120MB):

dist:
  module: github.com/open-telemetry/otelcontribcol
  name: otelcontribcol
  version: 0.143.0
  output_path: ./cmd/otelcontribcol/sd-test/full

receivers:
  - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/receiver/prometheusreceiver v0.143.0
    path: ./receiver/prometheusreceiver

exporters:
  - gomod: go.opentelemetry.io/collector/exporter/debugexporter v0.143.0

With build tags(63MG):

dist:
  module: github.com/open-telemetry/otelcontribcol
  name: otelcontribcol
  version: 0.143.0
  output_path: ./cmd/otelcontribcol/sd-test/no-sd
  build_tags: "remove_all_sd"

receivers:
  - gomod: github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector-contrib/receiver/prometheusreceiver v0.143.0
    path: ./receiver/prometheusreceiver

exporters:
  - gomod: go.opentelemetry.io/collector/exporter/debugexporter v0.143.0

[ArthurSens]

I'm opening this PR just to show how it works, but discussions should be done upstream at prometheus/prometheus :)

[atoulme]

Moving to draft since this is not to be merged.

[github-actions]

This PR was marked stale due to lack of activity. It will be closed in 14 days.

[ArthurSens]

PR finally ready for review @dashpole :)

I've also updated the PR description to mention how to test these changes