sdk/metric: Apply Cardinality Limits to Aggregations

[ysolomchenko]

Fixes #6977
Towards #6887

What

• Cardinality limits are enforced during aggregation.
• Exceeding the limit results in dropping excess data or other specified behavior.
• Performance benchmarks confirm no significant degradation due to the limit enforcement.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 82.9%. Comparing base (806cb83) to head (cf041ba).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #7081   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   82.9%   82.9%           
=====================================
  Files        262     262           
  Lines      24460   24460           
=====================================
  Hits       20281   20281           
  Misses      3801    3801           
  Partials     378     378           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sdk/metric/pipeline.go	89.2% <100.0%> (ø)
sdk/metric/provider.go	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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