Carry #1111: specs-go/config: add Landlock LSM support #1241

Zheaoli · 2024-01-02T15:48:20Z

Carry #1111

Zheaoli · 2024-01-02T15:50:57Z

cc @l0kod @AkihiroSuda @vbatts @gnoack @cyphar

AkihiroSuda · 2024-01-09T08:35:43Z

cc @kailun-qin (author of #1111) PTAL

AkihiroSuda · 2024-01-09T08:36:16Z

Before merging this PR, can we have a POC implementation of runc (or crun, youki) to confirm the design?

Zheaoli · 2024-01-09T09:46:50Z

opencontainers/runc#3194 POC is here. Still need polish some code and add tests for it.

I will carry it

kailun-qin · 2024-01-10T02:47:39Z

config.md

@@ -340,6 +340,26 @@ For Linux-based systems, the `process` object supports the following process-spe

    * **`class`** (string, REQUIRED) specifies the I/O scheduling class. Possible values are `IOPRIO_CLASS_RT`, `IOPRIO_CLASS_BE`, and `IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE`.
    * **`priority`** (int, REQUIRED) specifies the priority level within the class. The value should be an integer ranging from 0 (highest) to 7 (lowest).
+* **`landlock`** (object, OPTIONAL) specifies the Landlock unprivileged access control settings for the container process.


I think this PR should be carefully updated following the latest advances of landlock (rather than simply carried) as some of the spec proposals might be stale now. Pls see https://docs.kernel.org/userspace-api/landlock.html and https://github.com/landlock-lsm/go-landlock for details.

Do you got time to continue this PR or I can continue carry(

Pls go ahead updating this PR. I'll need some time to follow up and dive into the updates of landlock (even for review).

l0kod · 2024-01-10T16:38:04Z

Thanks for working on this!

You might want to take a look at this talk about backward and forward compatibility challenges: https://archive.fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/rust_backward_and_forward_compatibility_for_security_features/

FYI, I plan to review these changes next week.

gnoack · 2024-01-10T19:53:51Z

Thanks for working on this!

You might want to take a look at this talk about backward and forward compatibility challenges: https://archive.fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/rust_backward_and_forward_compatibility_for_security_features/

FYI, I plan to review these changes next week.

FWIW the most common implementation problem so far has been the use of the "refer" right, whose logic unfortunately works slightly differently than for other access rights. I tried to explain this in https://blog.gnoack.org/post/landlock-best-effort/ last year.

With Linux 6.7, Landlock also has gained support for restricting the use of bind(2) and connect(2) for TCP. (Landlock ABI version 4)

Zheaoli · 2024-01-10T21:32:37Z

FYI, I plan to review these changes next week.

Thanks for the important information, I will update this spec in this week ASAP I can

utam0k · 2024-01-11T11:47:33Z

I wonder what the behavior should be when a new process(e.g. docker exec) jumps into the existing container.

Zheaoli · 2024-03-01T03:24:31Z

I have update the PR, PTAL @kailun-qin @gnoack @l0kod

gnoack · 2024-03-01T07:36:39Z

specs-go/config.go

+// LandlockFSAction used to specify the FS actions that are handled by a ruleset or allowed by a rule.
+type LandlockFSAction string
+
+// Define actions on files and directories that Landlock can restrict a sandboxed process to.


Documentation nit: The word "define" is usually unnecessary in docstrings (all of the exported symbols are defining something after all)

gnoack · 2024-03-01T07:37:27Z

specs-go/config.go

+	Ports []string `json:"ports,omitempty" platform:"linux"`
+}
+
+// LandlockFSAction used to specify the FS actions that are handled by a ruleset or allowed by a rule.


"LandlockFSAction specifies the FS actions that are handled by a ruleset or allowed by a rule."

("used to specify" is also past tense, which is a bit confusing to read)

gnoack · 2024-03-01T07:40:42Z

specs-go/config.go

+	// PathBeneath specifies the file-hierarchy typed rules.
+	PathBeneath []LandlockRulePathBeneath `json:"pathBeneath,omitempty" platform:"linux"`
+	// PortBeneath specifies the network-socket typed rules.
+	PortBeneath []LandlockRulePortBeneath `json:"portBeneath,omitempty" platform:"linux"`


The two types of rules that exist in Landlock are "path beneath" and "net port", in the Linux headers. I would encourage you to stay consistent with that naming, as it will make it easier for users to map your API to the Landlock documentation.

The word "beneath" is referring to the hierarchical nature of file systems -- when an access right is granted on a directory, it also applies to the files beneath that directory. The word "beneath" is inappropriate when used together with ports, as we have no such hierarchy there.

gnoack · 2024-03-01T07:43:04Z

specs-go/config.go

+	DisableBestEffort bool `json:"disableBestEffort,omitempty" platform:"linux"`
+}
+
+// LandlockRuleset identifies a set of rules (i.e., actions on objects) that need to be handled.


Documentation nit: "The Ruleset identifies a set of rules" is a trivial statement which does not provide much additional value, IMHO.

BTW, I think the naming of the "Landlock" and "LandlockRuleset" types is a bit backwards: In Landlock, the "ruleset" (which is a file descriptor under the hood), is actually the thing where users add their "path beneath" and "net port" rules. (Whereas, in this proposal, the "Ruleset" type does not actually hold the rules...? %-))

The "handled access rights" are just the information needed when creating the initial (empty) ruleset. If the kernel, the struct with the access rights is called the "ruleset attributes", but you might as well call it "handled access rights" or something like that, if you have the flexibility in your code to change that name later on.

gnoack · 2024-03-01T08:18:30Z

schema/defs.json

+                "$ref": "#/definitions/LandlockRulePathBeneath"
+            }
+        },
+        "ArrayOfLandlockRulePortBeneaths": {


See comment on the other file about the word "beneath" when talking about network ports

gnoack · 2024-03-01T08:19:59Z

config.md

+    The `ruleset` currently contains the following types:
+        * **`handledAccessFS`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of FS typed actions that are handled by a ruleset.
+        If no rule explicitly allow them, they should then be forbidden.
+        * **`handledAssessNetwork`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of NETWORK typed actions that are handled by a ruleset. (The NETWORK typed actions are avaliable when the ABI version >= 4. the behavior of the NETWORK typed actions is not used when the ABI version is less than 4 will depend on the **`disableBestEffort`**)


I'm sure you meant "Access" here?

gnoack · 2024-03-01T08:20:41Z

config.md

+    The `ruleset` currently contains the following types:
+        * **`handledAccessFS`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of FS typed actions that are handled by a ruleset.
+        If no rule explicitly allow them, they should then be forbidden.
+        * **`handledAssessNetwork`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of NETWORK typed actions that are handled by a ruleset. (The NETWORK typed actions are avaliable when the ABI version >= 4. the behavior of the NETWORK typed actions is not used when the ABI version is less than 4 will depend on the **`disableBestEffort`**)


(The sentences in parenthesis have broken grammar)

gnoack · 2024-03-01T08:23:50Z

config.md

+                    1. bind
+                    2. connect
+            * **`ports`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of network ports to restrict.
+    * **`disableBestEffort`** (bool, OPTIONAL) the `disableBestEffort` field disables the best-effort security approach for Landlock access rights.


(This is slightly confusing in my mind that the boolean condition has the "inverted" logic here. I assume that in this config format, it is not possible to call this variable "bestEffortFallback" and to make true the default value instead?)

gnoack · 2024-03-01T08:28:19Z

High level remark: Looks good so far. I added a bunch of documentation nits.

As for Landlock-specific comments, I would recommend to re-think some of the type names, and I left comments in these places.

I think the bigger chance for mistakes is in the implementation itself. - Are you planning to add that in the same PR, or will that come separately?

Zheaoli · 2024-03-01T11:15:22Z

I think the bigger chance for mistakes is in the implementation itself. - Are you planning to add that in the same PR, or will that come separately?

I think it would be great to implement it in a single PR(Actually, I don't know which is better to split the PR. Depend on the ABI version or else)

rata

opencontainers/runc#3194 POC is here. Still need polish some code and add tests for it.

I will carry it

As there are no tests there, can you share the example config you used to test it?

I'm curious about overlayfs and the behavior in old runtimes.

rata · 2024-03-14T15:01:41Z

config.md

@@ -340,6 +340,52 @@ For Linux-based systems, the `process` object supports the following process-spe

    * **`class`** (string, REQUIRED) specifies the I/O scheduling class. Possible values are `IOPRIO_CLASS_RT`, `IOPRIO_CLASS_BE`, and `IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE`.
    * **`priority`** (int, REQUIRED) specifies the priority level within the class. The value should be an integer ranging from 0 (highest) to 7 (lowest).
+* **`landlock`** (object, OPTIONAL) specifies the Landlock unprivileged access control settings for the container process.


What happens if the runtime doesn't know this field? I guess in runc it will be completely ignored, right? In that case, I think we at least need to expose landlock support via the features command too.

Yes, the runtime will ignore the field. I think it's not necessary to add feature command like other optional features.

@Zheaoli why not? This is a security feature, I can see use cases where upper layers want to enforce this.

friendly ping?

Sorry for replying late. I misunderstand something before. I think it's necessary to export the feature we support for landlock in features command

rata · 2024-03-14T15:04:07Z

config.md

+        * **`handledAccessFS`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of FS typed actions that are handled by a ruleset.
+        If no rule explicitly allow them, they should then be forbidden.


How does this work on overlayfs? https://docs.kernel.org/userspace-api/landlock.html#bind-mounts-and-overlayfs

It is very widely used, can you clarify what works and what doesn't?

Actually, I'm not testing it on overlayfs yet. But I think it still work on overlayfs. Because we will always target to restrict the rule on the merged hierarchy.

Maybe you want to figure out is it working on the following circumstance?

We got directories A and B, A and B will merged into C

We give the process write permission for A and B

The process still have write permission for C or not?

My understandig of the link is, if C is the merged dir by overlayfs, then no, you don't have permissions to write even if you can write to A and B.

But I think if we use C for the rules, it might work. I don't know if we also need permissions in A and B (not 100% clear to me when reading the doc), in which case it will be tricky.

IMHO, it will be nice to understand that, as overlay is a widely used fs for containers. But not sure that will change something on how we support it in OCI, so maybe it is okay?

https://github.com/Zheaoli/py-landlock/blob/main/examples/demo.py

I have some overlayfs test case here. PTAL if you got time

@Zheaoli I can try to download the python modules and run that locally. But it would be way simpler if you just share what works and what doesn't :)

At the OCI layer we don't know the lowerdir nor the upperdir, we just know the merged dir. It will be great to find if we apply a landlock policy restricting the merged dir, what effect that has on reading files AND also writing files.

Knowing if it works, or its limitations, is key to evaluate a PR.

Sorry for the confusion. Here's the full test result:

A and B are lower dirs, and C is a merged dirs.

Policy to C would no longer affect A and B. The reverse action would be the same(policy on A and B would not affect C).

The write and read (or any permission) on C is not depend on the permission on A and B. The permission between C and AB is independent

@Zheaoli thanks! This LGTM.

I was playing with this, to make sure I'm not missing any case and indeed it seems to work just fine.

To play further, I used the example from: https://github.com/landlock-lsm/go-landlock/blob/efb66220540a9ef86aa0160d15e55f429d5b94d9/examples/go-landlock-configurable/main.go

With this json config:

JSON config: { "forbidden_access": [ "read_dir", "write_file", "make_reg" ], "exceptions": [ { "paths": [ "./rootfs-merged/tmp" ], "permitted_access": [ "read_dir", "make_reg", "write_file" ] } ], "best_effort": false }

And rootfs-merged is an overlayfs that I mounted manually. I tried it works as expected (can't create files on any paths except on ./rootfs-merged/tmp/, can't ls/read files except in that path), also if I chroot into that (chroot rootfs-merged /bin/sh).

The files are created by overlayfs in the upper dir and all is as expected.

rata

I had a cursory look, I need to look later at what field are exactly proposed. But this seems in the right direction to me.

Added some comments/issues that I see.

rata · 2024-06-03T14:12:12Z

config.md

+                    1. bind
+                    2. connect
+            * **`ports`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of network ports to restrict.
+    * **`disableBestEffort`** (bool, OPTIONAL) the `disableBestEffort` field disables the best-effort security approach for Landlock access rights.


This can't completely work, sadly, due to some historic reasons. I've mentioned this also here: #1241 (comment)

The thing is, if the container runtime doesn't know about landlock, the whole landlock section will be silently ignored. So, you might think you will have this landlock policy or an error, but the truth is, if the runtime doesn't know about landlock, you can end up without a landlock policy at all.

For this reason, we should expose this in the features section too. This way, users of the OCI runtime can know if the runtime knows about landlock and handle that case properly. Without exposing it there, it is not really usable for this security features.

Yep, we can remove the disableBestEffort field and export the features we support in features command instead

We can do boths, right?

maybe we can output the feature check like this ?

{ "linux": { "landlock": { "enabled": true, "bestEffort": { "enabled": true // False }, "fs":{ "enabled": true, "actions": [ "exectute", "write_file", "read_file", "read_dir", "remove_dir", "remove_file", "make_char", "make_dir", "make_reg", "make_sock", "make_fifo", "make_block", "make_sym", "refer", "truncate" ] }, "network": { "enabled": true, "actions": [ "bind", "connect" ] } } } }

I don't think we need to expose all of that. I think just the landlock object with the enabled field will be enough.

Then, if the runtime doesn't recognize some of the constants or if the kernel ABI is not the one needed, then make the runtime fail?

rata · 2024-06-03T15:00:57Z

config.md

+        * **`handledAccessFS`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of FS typed actions that are handled by a ruleset.
+        If no rule explicitly allow them, they should then be forbidden.


@Zheaoli thanks! This LGTM.

I was playing with this, to make sure I'm not missing any case and indeed it seems to work just fine.

To play further, I used the example from: https://github.com/landlock-lsm/go-landlock/blob/efb66220540a9ef86aa0160d15e55f429d5b94d9/examples/go-landlock-configurable/main.go

With this json config:

JSON config: { "forbidden_access": [ "read_dir", "write_file", "make_reg" ], "exceptions": [ { "paths": [ "./rootfs-merged/tmp" ], "permitted_access": [ "read_dir", "make_reg", "write_file" ] } ], "best_effort": false }

And rootfs-merged is an overlayfs that I mounted manually. I tried it works as expected (can't create files on any paths except on ./rootfs-merged/tmp/, can't ls/read files except in that path), also if I chroot into that (chroot rootfs-merged /bin/sh).

The files are created by overlayfs in the upper dir and all is as expected.

rata · 2024-06-03T15:25:39Z

config.md

+                3. ABI version >= 3:
+                    1. truncate
+            * **`paths`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of files or parent directories of the file hierarchies to restrict.
+        * **`portBeneath`** (array of objects, OPTIONAL) is an array of the network-hierarchy typed rules.


portBeneath? Is this for all ports below the number? Or is this just a c&p mistake?

Yes, it's for all ports below the number. Actually I follow style with pathBeneath

Hmm, okay, thanks. I'm in an off-site this week, so I'll check this up next week.

I can't make sense out of that.

If I want to have a rule for port 21, 22, 53 and 80, it seems complicated to have a portBeneath rule. For filesystems that makes a lot of sense, because is all beneath this (i.e. subdirs and everything below that), this is applied. It's in the nature of fs.

But what does it mean for ports? It seems like a complicated way to express it. Am I missing something?

Oh, it seems @gnoack already commented on this. I fully agree: https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/pull/1241/files#r1508607132

Thanks, exactly -- this is still confusing and would better be named "net port" in line with the landlock.h header file.

It does not permit access for all ports below a given number, but only for that specific port number itself, and the word "hierarchy" is also misleading, as there is nothing hierarchical about that (probably copied over from the file system access rights documentation).

rata · 2024-06-03T15:28:44Z

config.md

@@ -340,6 +340,52 @@ For Linux-based systems, the `process` object supports the following process-spe

    * **`class`** (string, REQUIRED) specifies the I/O scheduling class. Possible values are `IOPRIO_CLASS_RT`, `IOPRIO_CLASS_BE`, and `IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE`.
    * **`priority`** (int, REQUIRED) specifies the priority level within the class. The value should be an integer ranging from 0 (highest) to 7 (lowest).
+* **`landlock`** (object, OPTIONAL) specifies the Landlock unprivileged access control settings for the container process.


friendly ping?

rata

@Zheaoli thanks for the PR! Added some comments.

I think the config.json interface needs more work, but I'd love for this to be ready.

I read @gnoack comments, that weren't addressed, and I fully agree with them. Please take a look their review comments.

rata · 2024-06-11T15:50:28Z

config.md

+                3. ABI version >= 3:
+                    1. truncate
+            * **`paths`** (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of files or parent directories of the file hierarchies to restrict.
+        * **`portBeneath`** (array of objects, OPTIONAL) is an array of the network-hierarchy typed rules.


I can't make sense out of that.

If I want to have a rule for port 21, 22, 53 and 80, it seems complicated to have a portBeneath rule. For filesystems that makes a lot of sense, because is all beneath this (i.e. subdirs and everything below that), this is applied. It's in the nature of fs.

But what does it mean for ports? It seems like a complicated way to express it. Am I missing something?

Oh, it seems @gnoack already commented on this. I fully agree: https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/pull/1241/files#r1508607132

AkihiroSuda · 2024-07-01T05:49:08Z

Needs rebase

Linux kernel 5.13 adds support for Landlock Linux Security Module (LSM). This allows unprivileged processes to create safe security sandboxes that can securely restrict the ambient rights (e.g. global filesystem access) for themselves. opencontainers#1110 Co-authored-by: Zheao Li <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Kailun Qin <[email protected]>

Zheaoli requested review from AkihiroSuda, crosbymichael, cyphar, dqminh, giuseppe, hqhq, kolyshkin, mrunalp, thaJeztah, tianon, vbatts and utam0k as code owners January 2, 2024 15:48

Zheaoli force-pushed the manjusaka/carry-1111 branch from 9962bf2 to c94edbc Compare January 2, 2024 15:49

AkihiroSuda added this to the v1.2.0 (tentative) milestone Jan 2, 2024

kailun-qin reviewed Jan 10, 2024

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l0kod mentioned this pull request Jan 10, 2024

Landlock support for containerd containerd/containerd#6120

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Zheaoli marked this pull request as draft February 27, 2024 16:33

Zheaoli force-pushed the manjusaka/carry-1111 branch from 56a5a1d to 6730eb2 Compare March 1, 2024 03:18

Zheaoli marked this pull request as ready for review March 1, 2024 03:23

Zheaoli requested a review from kailun-qin March 1, 2024 03:24

gnoack reviewed Mar 1, 2024

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rata reviewed Mar 14, 2024

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AkihiroSuda requested a review from rata May 17, 2024 17:44

rata reviewed Jun 3, 2024

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rata reviewed Jun 11, 2024

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utam0k mentioned this pull request Jul 2, 2024

Support Landlock youki-dev/youki#2842

Open

Zheaoli force-pushed the manjusaka/carry-1111 branch from 6730eb2 to 9016907 Compare September 16, 2024 19:40

		* `handledAccessFS` (array of strings, OPTIONAL) is an array of FS typed actions that are handled by a ruleset.
		If no rule explicitly allow them, they should then be forbidden.

Carry #1111: specs-go/config: add Landlock LSM support #1241

Are you sure you want to change the base?

Carry #1111: specs-go/config: add Landlock LSM support #1241

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