✨(api) allow multiple authentication backends simultaneously

Previously, Ralph allowed Basic or OIDC authentication, but not simultaneously.
This PR allows to ralph to handle both at once, answer a use case where machine
users connect through Basic auth, while human users use OIDC (for example).

.env.dist

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ RALPH_BACKENDS__HTTP__LRS__STATEMENTS_ENDPOINT=/xAPI/statements
 
 # LRS API
 
-RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND=basic
+RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS=basic
 RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_AUDIENCE=http://localhost:8100
 RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_ISSUER_URI=http://learning-analytics-playground_keycloak_1:8080/auth/realms/fun-mooc
 RALPH_RUNSERVER_BACKEND=es

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ have an authority field matching that of the user
 - Backends: Replace reference to a JSON column in ClickHouse with 
   function calls on the String column [BC]
 - API: enhance 'limit' query parameter's validation 
+- API: Variable `RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND` becomes `RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS`, and
+  multiple authentication methods are supported simultaneously
 
 ### Fixed
 

docs/api.md

@@ -108,9 +108,10 @@ $ curl --user [email protected]:PASSWORD http://localhost:8100/whoami
 
 Ralph LRS API server supports OpenID Connect (OIDC) on top of OAuth 2.0 for authentication and authorization.
 
-To enable OIDC auth, you should set the `RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND` environment variable as follows:
+
+To enable OIDC auth, you should modify the `RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS` environment variable by adding (or replacing by) `oidc`:
 ```bash
-RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND=oidc
+RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS=basic,oidc
 ```
 and you should define the `RALPH_RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_ISSUER_URI` environment variable with your identity provider's Issuer Identifier URI as follows:
 ```bash

docs/backends.md

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ Elasticsearch backend parameters required to connect to a cluster are:
 
 - `hosts`: a list of cluster hosts to connect to (_e.g._ `["http://elasticsearch-node:9200"]`)
 - `index`: the elasticsearch index where to get/put documents
-- `client_options`: a comma separated key=value list of Elasticsearch client options
+- `client_options`: a comma-separated key=value list of Elasticsearch client options
 
 The Elasticsearch client options supported in Ralph are:
 - `ca_certs`: the path to the CA certificate file.
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ MongoDB backend parameters required to connect to a cluster are:
 - `connection_uri`: the connection URI to connect to (_e.g._ `["mongodb://mongo:27017/"]`)
 - `database`: the database to connect to
 - `collection`: the collection to get/put objects to
-- `client_options`: a comma separated key=value list of MongoDB client options
+- `client_options`: a comma-separated key=value list of MongoDB client options
 
 The MongoDB client options supported in Ralph are:
 - `document_class`: default class to use for documents returned from queries
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ ClickHouse parameters required to connect are:
 - `port`: the port to the ClickHouse HTTPS interface (_e.g._ `8123`)
 - `database`: the name of the database to connect to
 - `event_table_name`: the name of the table to write statements to
-- `client_options`: a comma separated key=value list of ClickHouse client options
+- `client_options`: a comma-separated key=value list of ClickHouse client options
 
 Secondary parameters are needed if not using the default ClickHouse user:
 

src/ralph/api/auth/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,51 @@
 """Main module for Ralph's LRS API authentication."""
+from typing import Optional
 
-from ralph.api.auth.basic import get_basic_auth_user
+from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
+from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
+
+from ralph.api.auth.basic import AuthenticatedUser, get_basic_auth_user
 from ralph.api.auth.oidc import get_oidc_user
-from ralph.conf import settings
+from ralph.conf import AuthBackend, settings
+
+
+def get_authenticated_user(
+    security_scopes: SecurityScopes = SecurityScopes([]),
+    basic_auth_user: Optional[AuthenticatedUser] = Depends(get_basic_auth_user),
+    oidc_auth_user: Optional[AuthenticatedUser] = Depends(get_oidc_user),
+) -> AuthenticatedUser:
+    """Authenticate user with any allowed method, using credentials in the header."""
+    if AuthBackend.BASIC not in settings.RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS:
+        basic_auth_user = None
+    if AuthBackend.OIDC not in settings.RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS:
+        oidc_auth_user = None
+
+    if basic_auth_user:
+        user = basic_auth_user
+        auth_header = "Basic"
+    elif oidc_auth_user:
+        user = oidc_auth_user
+        auth_header = "Bearer"
+    else:
+        auth_header = ",".join(
+            [
+                {"basic": "Basic", "oidc": "Bearer"}[backend.value]
+                for backend in settings.RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS
+            ]
+        )
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Invalid authentication credentials",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": auth_header},
+        )
 
-# At startup, select the authentication mode that will be used
-if settings.RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND == settings.AuthBackends.OIDC:
-    get_authenticated_user = get_oidc_user
-else:
-    get_authenticated_user = get_basic_auth_user
+    # Restrict access by scopes
+    if settings.LRS_RESTRICT_BY_SCOPES:
+        for requested_scope in security_scopes.scopes:
+            if not user.scopes.is_authorized(requested_scope):
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+                    detail=f'Access not authorized to scope: "{requested_scope}".',
+                    headers={"WWW-Authenticate": auth_header},
+                )
+    return user

src/ralph/api/auth/basic.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import bcrypt
 from cachetools import TTLCache, cached
 from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
-from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials, SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
 from pydantic import BaseModel, root_validator
 from starlette.authentication import AuthenticationError
 
@@ -102,17 +102,15 @@ def get_stored_credentials(auth_file: Path) -> ServerUsersCredentials:
 @cached(
     TTLCache(maxsize=settings.AUTH_CACHE_MAX_SIZE, ttl=settings.AUTH_CACHE_TTL),
     lock=Lock(),
-    key=lambda credentials, security_scopes: (
+    key=lambda credentials: (
         credentials.username,
         credentials.password,
-        security_scopes.scope_str,
     )
     if credentials is not None
     else None,
 )
 def get_basic_auth_user(
     credentials: Optional[HTTPBasicCredentials] = Depends(security),
-    security_scopes: SecurityScopes = SecurityScopes([]),
 ) -> AuthenticatedUser:
     """Check valid auth parameters.
 
@@ -121,18 +119,13 @@ def get_basic_auth_user(
 
     Args:
         credentials (iterator): auth parameters from the Authorization header
-        security_scopes: scopes requested for access
 
     Raises:
         HTTPException
     """
     if not credentials:
-        logger.error("The basic authentication mode requires a Basic Auth header")
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
-            detail="Could not validate credentials",
-            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
-        )
+        logger.debug("No credentials were found for Basic auth")
+        return None
 
     try:
         user = next(
@@ -185,13 +178,4 @@ def get_basic_auth_user(
 
     user = AuthenticatedUser(scopes=user.scopes, agent=dict(user.agent))
 
-    # Restrict access by scopes
-    if settings.LRS_RESTRICT_BY_SCOPES:
-        for requested_scope in security_scopes.scopes:
-            if not user.scopes.is_authorized(requested_scope):
-                raise HTTPException(
-                    status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
-                    detail=f'Access not authorized to scope: "{requested_scope}".',
-                    headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
-                )
     return user

src/ralph/api/auth/oidc.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import requests
 from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, status
-from fastapi.security import OpenIdConnect, SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBearer, OpenIdConnect
 from jose import ExpiredSignatureError, JWTError, jwt
 from jose.exceptions import JWTClaimsError
 from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, Extra
@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ def get_public_keys(jwks_uri: AnyUrl) -> Dict:
 
 
 def get_oidc_user(
-    auth_header: Annotated[Optional[str], Depends(oauth2_scheme)],
-    security_scopes: SecurityScopes = SecurityScopes([]),
+    auth_header: Annotated[Optional[HTTPBearer], Depends(oauth2_scheme)],
 ) -> AuthenticatedUser:
     """Decode and validate OpenId Connect ID token against issuer in config.
 
@@ -110,13 +109,12 @@ def get_oidc_user(
     Raises:
         HTTPException
     """
-    if auth_header is None or "Bearer" not in auth_header:
-        logger.error("The OpenID Connect authentication mode requires a Bearer token")
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
-            detail="Could not validate credentials",
-            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+    if auth_header is None or "bearer" not in auth_header.lower():
+        logger.debug(
+            "Not using OIDC auth. The OpenID Connect authentication mode requires a "
+            "Bearer token"
         )
+        return None
 
     id_token = auth_header.split(" ")[-1]
     provider_config = discover_provider(settings.RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_ISSUER_URI)
@@ -151,14 +149,4 @@ def get_oidc_user(
         scopes=UserScopes(id_token.scope.split(" ") if id_token.scope else []),
     )
 
-    # Restrict access by scopes
-    if settings.LRS_RESTRICT_BY_SCOPES:
-        for requested_scope in security_scopes.scopes:
-            if not user.scopes.is_authorized(requested_scope):
-                raise HTTPException(
-                    status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
-                    detail=f'Access not authorized to scope: "{requested_scope}".',
-                    headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
-                )
-
     return user

src/ralph/backends/data/es.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class ESDataBackendSettings(BaseDataBackendSettings):
         DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE (int): The default chunk size for reading batches of
             documents.
         DEFAULT_INDEX (str): The default index to use for querying Elasticsearch.
-        HOSTS (str or tuple): The comma separated list of Elasticsearch nodes to
+        HOSTS (str or tuple): The comma-separated list of Elasticsearch nodes to
             connect to.
         LOCALE_ENCODING (str): The encoding used for reading/writing documents.
         POINT_IN_TIME_KEEP_ALIVE (str): The duration for which Elasticsearch should

src/ralph/cli.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
 
 class CommaSeparatedTupleParamType(click.ParamType):
-    """Comma separated tuple parameter type."""
+    """Comma-separated tuple parameter type."""
 
     name = "value1,value2,value3"
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
 
 
 class CommaSeparatedKeyValueParamType(click.ParamType):
-    """Comma separated key=value parameter type."""
+    """Comma-separated key=value parameter type."""
 
     name = "key=value,key=value"
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
 
 
 class ClientOptionsParamType(CommaSeparatedKeyValueParamType):
-    """Comma separated key=value parameter type for client options."""
+    """Comma-separated key=value parameter type for client options."""
 
     def __init__(self, client_options_type: Any) -> None:
         """Instantiate ClientOptionsParamType for a client_options_type.
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
 
 
 class HeadersParametersParamType(CommaSeparatedKeyValueParamType):
-    """Comma separated key=value parameter type for headers parameters."""
+    """Comma-separated key=value parameter type for headers parameters."""
 
     def __init__(self, headers_parameters_type: Any) -> None:
         """Instantiate HeadersParametersParamType for a headers_parameters_type.

src/ralph/conf.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import sys
 from enum import Enum
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Sequence, Union
+from typing import List, Sequence, Tuple, Union
 
 from pydantic import AnyHttpUrl, AnyUrl, BaseModel, BaseSettings, Extra, root_validator
 
@@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ class Config(BaseSettingsConfig):
 
 
 class CommaSeparatedTuple(str):
-    """Pydantic field type validating comma separated strings or lists/tuples."""
+    """Pydantic field type validating comma-separated strings or lists/tuples."""
 
     @classmethod
     def __get_validators__(cls):  # noqa: D105
         def validate(value: Union[str, Sequence[str]]) -> Sequence[str]:
-            """Check whether the value is a comma separated string or a list/tuple."""
+            """Check whether the value is a comma-separated string or a list/tuple."""
             if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
                 return tuple(value)
 
             if isinstance(value, str):
                 return tuple(value.split(","))
 
-            raise TypeError("Invalid comma separated list")
+            raise TypeError("Invalid comma-separated list")
 
         yield validate
 
@@ -133,6 +133,44 @@ class Config:  # noqa: D106
     timeout: float
 
 
+class AuthBackend(str, Enum):
+    """Model for valid authentication methods."""
+
+    BASIC = "basic"
+    OIDC = "oidc"
+
+
+class AuthBackends(Tuple[AuthBackend]):
+    """Model representing a tuple of authentication backends."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def __get_validators__(cls):
+        """Check whether the value is a comma-separated string or a tuple representing
+        an AuthBackend.
+        """  # noqa: D205
+
+        def validate(
+            auth_backends: Union[
+                str, AuthBackend, Tuple[AuthBackend], List[AuthBackend]
+            ]
+        ) -> Tuple[AuthBackend]:
+            """Check whether the value is a comma-separated string or a list/tuple."""
+            if isinstance(auth_backends, str):
+                return tuple(
+                    AuthBackend(value.lower()) for value in auth_backends.split(",")
+                )
+
+            if isinstance(auth_backends, AuthBackend):
+                return (auth_backends,)
+
+            if isinstance(auth_backends, (tuple, list)):
+                return tuple(auth_backends)
+
+            raise TypeError("Invalid comma-separated list")
+
+        yield validate
+
+
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
     """Pydantic model for Ralph's global environment & configuration settings."""
 
@@ -142,12 +180,6 @@ class Config(BaseSettingsConfig):
         env_file = ".env"
         env_file_encoding = core_settings.LOCALE_ENCODING
 
-    class AuthBackends(Enum):
-        """Enum of the authentication backends."""
-
-        BASIC = "basic"
-        OIDC = "oidc"
-
     _CORE: CoreSettings = core_settings
     AUTH_FILE: Path = _CORE.APP_DIR / "auth.json"
     AUTH_CACHE_MAX_SIZE = 100
@@ -188,7 +220,7 @@ class AuthBackends(Enum):
         },
     }
     PARSERS: ParserSettings = ParserSettings()
-    RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKEND: AuthBackends = AuthBackends.BASIC
+    RUNSERVER_AUTH_BACKENDS: AuthBackends = AuthBackends("basic")
     RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_AUDIENCE: str = None
     RUNSERVER_AUTH_OIDC_ISSUER_URI: AnyHttpUrl = None
     RUNSERVER_BACKEND: Literal[