post: Introducing Quarkus Backstage

_posts/2025-04-07-introducing-quarkus-backstage.adoc

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+---
+layout: post
+title: 'Introducing Quarkus Backstage'
+date: 2025-04-07
+tags: backstage, platform engineering 
+synopsis: An introduction to the Quarkus extension for Backstage
+author: iocanel
+---
+:imagesdir: /assets/images/posts/quarkus-backstage/
+
+ifdef::env-github,env-browser,env-vscode[:imagesdir: ../assets/images/posts/similarity-search-using-vector-dbs]
+
+== Introduction ==
+DevOps, for many, has been more of a linguistic rebranding than a true cultural shift. All too often, organizations stop at renaming their Ops team to DevOps and call it a day. 
+But without real collaboration, without mutual understanding between developers and operators there is no actual DevOps.
+Today, we witness the rise of Platform Engineering which is supposed to improve developer experience and productivity and act as an enabler for DevOps.
+
+The question is can this gap be bridged without tools that facilitate this collaboration?
+Since, its early days Quarkus provided tools for developers that help them get closer to the Ops side of the house, but also communicate to the Ops what the 
+dev actually needs. In this category we could classify the Quarkus Kubernetes and Helm extension. The latest addtion to this family of exntesion is now 
+the https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] extension that simplifies the integration of Quarkus and https://backstage.io[Backstage], one of the most prominent projects in the Platform Engineering space.
+
+
+=== What is Backstage ? ===
+https://backstage.io[Backstage] is an open framework for building developer portals. It was originally created by Spotify to help their engineers manage the complexity of Microservices and cloud-native architectures.
+It builds developer portals that act as software component registries, allowing teams to easily
+
+* Track component ownership
+* Discover, explore and document services
+* Communicate API changes
+* Create and instantiate Software Templates (materializing DevOps practices)
+* Aggregate all developer consoles in one place
+and more
+
+
+=== Backstage Challenges ===
+The idea is not new. I've seen similar tools come and go throughout my whole professional life. What makes https://backstage.io[Backstage] more relevant is the adoption of Microservice Architecture, which increases the 
+amplifies the need for a developer portal. What's also not new is the challenge of using such a tool and making in it an integral part of the developer workflow.
+
+As always the challenge is the maintenance cost.
+Maintenance, in terms of keeping the information served by https://backstage.io[Backstage] up to date.
+
+What happens when a Service adds / removes an API ? 
+What happens when an API is migrated to new transport protocol ? 
+What happens when we need to use a new framework version in our templates ?
+
+A development practice is as good as the tools that make it stick.
+
+
+=== Quarkus Backstage Features ===
+How does https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] help with the challenges above ?
+
+Short answer: By making Quarkus the Platform Engineers favorite application framework.
+Long answer: While it's out of scope to solve all the challenges of https://backstage.io[Backstage], Quarkus aids the Platform Engineer in the following ways:
+
+* Generates Component and API entities for Quarkus applications
+* Reverse engineers Templates from existing Quarkus applications
+* Provides CLI for managing https://backstage.io[Backstage] entities
+* Provides Dev Services for https://backstage.io[Backstage]
+* Acts as a coordinator for all Quarkus DevOps extensions  
+
+
+=== Using Quarkus Backstage ===
+https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] comes in two shapes that can be used independently:
+
+* Quarkus CLI plugin
+* Quarkus extension
+
+
+==== As a CLI plugin ====
+Let's see how to use the https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] CLI plguin in order to generate https://backstage.io[Backstage] entities for your Quarkus application.
+
+First, let's create a new Quarkus project:
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus create app hello-backstage -x rest
+----
+
+....
+Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
+-----------
+selected extensions: 
+- io.quarkus:quarkus-rest
+
+
+applying codestarts...
+📚 java
+🔨 maven
+📦 quarkus
+📝 config-properties
+🔧 tooling-dockerfiles
+🔧 tooling-maven-wrapper
+🚀 rest-codestart
+
+-----------
+[SUCCESS] ✅  quarkus project has been successfully generated in:
+--> /home/iocanel/blog/hello-backstage
+-----------
+Navigate into this directory and get started: quarkus dev
+....
+
+
+
+Then, navigate to the project directory:
+
+From within your Quarkus project, run the following command:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus plugin add io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage-cli:0.6.0
+----
+
+....
+Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
+Added plugin:
+    Name      	 Type  	 Scope   	 Location                                             	 Description 	
+ *  backstage 	 maven 	 project 	 io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage-cli:0.6.0 	             	
+....
+
+
+If you want to install it globally and make it available for all your Quarkus projects, run the following command:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus plugin add io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage-cli:0.6.0 --user
+----
+
+....
+Added plugin:
+    Name      	 Type  	 Scope 	 Location                                             	 Description 	
+ *  backstage 	 maven 	 user  	 io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage-cli:0.6.0 	             	
+
+[WARN] 🔥  Plugin was added in the user scope, but another with the same name exists in the project scope!
+The project scoped one will take precedence when invoked from within the project!
+....
+
+
+To get an idea of the available commands, run:
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus backstage --help
+----
+
+....
+Backstage CLI
+Usage: backstage [-h] [COMMAND]
+  -h, --help   Display this help message.
+Commands:
+  entities  Backstage Entities
+  location  Backstage Location
+  template  Backstage Template
+  mcp       Start backstage MCP server.
+....
+
+
+To generate a https://backstage.io[Backstage] entities for your Quarkus application, run the following command:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus backstage entities generate
+----
+
+....
+Backstage entities generated:
+ API Version           	 Kind                  	 Name            	 UUID 	
+ backstage.io/v1alpha1 	 Component             	 hello-backstage 	      	
+
+....
+
+
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+cat catalog-info.yaml
+----
+
+....
+
+apiVersion: backstage.io/v1alpha1
+kind: Component
+spec:
+  type: application
+  lifecycle: production
+  owner: user:guest
+metadata:
+  name: hello-backstage
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: hello-backstage
+    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    app.quarkus.io/version: 3.18.3
+  tags:
+  - java
+  - quarkus
+....
+
+The generated component is available under the `catalog-info.yaml`. The file can
+be added to git, pushed to a git repository and then registered in Backstage.
+
+Pretty much any Backstage installation should be able to read the component from github.
+To do the registration, starting from the Home screen:
+
+* Click on the "Create" button
+* Click on "Register existing component"
+* Paste the link to the `catalog-info.yaml` file in the git repository
+* Click on "Analyze"
+* Click on "Register"  
+
+The registered component should look like:
+
+image::hello-backstage-component-view.png[scaledwidth=100%]
+
+This is not very impressive given that the file could be generated by Backstage itself.
+However, that would be the last thing that Backstage would do for you. 
+What would happen next time your application changes and changes need to be reflected in Backstage ?
+
+Let's expose an API for our application. We'll add the openapi extension and we'll configure it so
+that it generates the openapi schema in the same directory as the `catalog-info.yaml` file.
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus ext add smallrye-openapi
+echo "quarkus.smallrye-openapi.store-schema-directory=." >> src/main/resources/application.properties 
+----
+
+....
+Looking for the newly published extensions in registry.quarkus.io
+[SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkus:quarkus-smallrye-openapi has been installed
+....
+
+
+Let's rebuild the application and see how our `catalog-info.yaml` file looks like:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+cat catalog-info.yaml
+----
+
+....
+
+apiVersion: backstage.io/v1alpha1
+kind: API
+spec:
+  type: openapi
+  lifecycle: production
+  owner: user:guest
+  definition:
+    $text: ./openapi.yaml
+metadata:
+  name: hello-backstage-api
+--- 
+apiVersion: backstage.io/v1alpha1
+kind: Component
+spec:
+  type: application
+  lifecycle: production
+  owner: user:guest
+  providesApis:
+  - hello-backstage-api
+metadata:
+  name: hello-backstage
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: hello-backstage
+    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
+    app.quarkus.io/version: 3.18.3
+  tags:
+  - java
+  - quarkus
+....
+
+The refreshed component now looks like:
+
+image::hello-backstage-component-with-api-view.png[scaledwidth=100%]
+
+
+==== As an extension ====
+An alternative to using the https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] CLI plugin is to use the https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] extension.
+Usually, an extension is needed when the application itself requires a library, a framework, or a code
+generator. In this case, the extension adds the Backstage entity generation to the application build process.
+
+To add the extension to the project:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+quarkus ext add io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage:0.6.0
+----
+
+....
+[SUCCESS] ✅  Extension io.quarkiverse.backstage:quarkus-backstage:0.6.0 has been installed
+....
+
+
+At the time of writing the extension is not part of the Extension catalog, and thus it needs to be added using
+its full maven coordinates.
+
+Now, let's remove the existing `catalog-info.yaml` file and let's generate a new one using the extension:
+
+[source,shell]
+----
+rm catalog-info.yaml
+ls -al
+----
+
+....
+total 76
+drwxr-xr-x 7 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 19:29 .
+drwxr-xr-x 3 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 16:38 ..
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users    75 Apr  3 16:38 .dockerignore
+drwxr-xr-x 8 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 19:21 .git
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users   423 Apr  3 16:38 .gitignore
+drwxr-xr-x 3 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 16:38 .mvn
+-rwxr-xr-x 1 iocanel users 11172 Apr  3 16:38 mvnw
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users  7697 Apr  3 16:38 mvnw.cmd
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users   710 Apr  3 19:19 openapi.json
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users   454 Apr  3 19:19 openapi.yaml
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users  5332 Apr  3 19:31 pom.xml
+drwxr-xr-x 3 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 16:39 .quarkus
+-rw-r--r-- 1 iocanel users  2053 Apr  3 16:38 README.md
+drwxr-xr-x 4 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 16:38 src
+drwxr-xr-x 4 iocanel users  4096 Apr  3 19:21 target
+....
+
+
+Finally, let's rebuild:
+
+And check that the file is properly generated. The generated resources should the same as the ones generated by the CLI plugin.
+There is still value in using the extension, but that's a subject for another blog post.
+
+
+=== Conclusion ===
+https://backstage.io[Backstage] is a great tool for organizations to survive the Microservice Architecture chaos.
+A tool, can't help if it's not used nor if it's feed with stale data.
+The https://docs.quarkiverse.io/quarkus-backstage/dev/index.html[Quarkus Backstage] project was created to leverage the power of the Quarkus build system in order to keep
+the catalog entities of Quarkus components up to day. In Quarkus lingo, to bring "Platform Engineer joy".
+
+A video walk-through on the basics of the extension is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAiF-opDtpw[here].