Cucumber, the popular Behaviour-Driven Development tool, brought to your JavaScript stack.
It runs on both Node.js and modern web browsers.
Cucumber.js is tested on:
- Node.js 0.8, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12 and io.js (see CI builds)
- Google Chrome
- Firefox
- Safari
- Opera
Cucumber.js is available as an npm module.
Install globally with:
$ npm install -g cucumberOR
You may also define cucumber.js as a development dependency of your application by including it in a package.json file.
// package.json
{ "devDependencies" : {
"cucumber": "latest"
}
}Then install with npm install --dev
Features are written with the Gherkin syntax
# features/myFeature.feature
Feature: Example feature
As a user of cucumber.js
I want to have documentation on cucumber
So that I can concentrate on building awesome applications
Scenario: Reading documentation
Given I am on the Cucumber.js GitHub repository
When I go to the README file
Then I should see "Usage" as the page titleSupport files let you setup the environment in which steps will be run, and define step definitions. Both JavaScript (.js) and CoffeeScript (.coffee) source files are supported.
World is a constructor function with utility properties, destined to be used in step definitions:
// features/support/world.js
var zombie = require('zombie');
function World(callback) {
this.browser = new zombie(); // this.browser will be available in step definitions
this.visit = function (url, callback) {
this.browser.visit(url, callback);
};
callback(); // tell Cucumber we're finished and to use 'this' as the world instance
};
}
module.exports.World = World;It is possible to tell Cucumber to use another object instance than the constructor:
// features/support/world.js
var zombie = require('zombie');
function WorldFactory(callback) {
var browser = new zombie();
var world = {
browser: browser, // this.browser will be available in step definitions
visit: function (url, callback) { // this.visit will be available in step definitions
this.browser.visit(url, callback);
}
};
callback(world); // tell Cucumber we're finished and to use our world object instead of 'this'
};
exports.World = WorldFactory;Step definitions are the glue between features written in Gherkin and the actual SUT (system under test). They are written in JavaScript.
All step definitions will run with this set to what is known as the World in Cucumber. It's an object exposing useful methods, helpers and variables to your step definitions. A new instance of World is created before each scenario.
Step definitions are contained within one or more wrapper functions.
Those wrappers are run before executing the feature suite. this is an object holding important properties like the Given(), When() and Then() functions. Another notable property is World; it contains a default World constructor that can be either extended or replaced.
Step definitions are run when steps match their name. this is an instance of World.
// features/step_definitions/myStepDefinitions.js
module.exports = function () {
this.World = require("../support/world.js").World; // overwrite default World constructor
this.Given(/^I am on the Cucumber.js GitHub repository$/, function (callback) {
// Express the regexp above with the code you wish you had.
// `this` is set to a new this.World instance.
// i.e. you may use this.browser to execute the step:
this.visit('https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-js', callback);
// The callback is passed to visit() so that when the job's finished, the next step can
// be executed by Cucumber.
});
this.When(/^I go to the README file$/, function (callback) {
// Express the regexp above with the code you wish you had. Call callback() at the end
// of the step, or callback.pending() if the step is not yet implemented:
callback.pending();
});
this.Then(/^I should see "(.*)" as the page title$/, function (title, callback) {
// matching groups are passed as parameters to the step definition
var pageTitle = this.browser.text('title');
if (title === pageTitle) {
callback();
} else {
callback.fail(new Error("Expected to be on page with title " + title));
}
});
};Instead of Node.js-style callbacks, promises can be returned by step definitions:
this.Given(/^I am on the Cucumber.js GitHub repository$/, function () {
// Notice how `callback` is omitted from the parameters
return this.visit('https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-js');
// A promise, returned by zombie.js's `visit` method is returned to Cucumber.
});Simply omit the last callback parameter and return the promise.
Often, asynchronous behaviour is not needed in step definitions. Simply omit the callback parameter, do not return anything and Cucumber will treat the step definition function as synchronous:
this.Given(/^I add one Cucumber$/, function () {
// Notice how `callback` is omitted from the parameters
this.cucumberCount += 1;
});It is also possible to use simple strings instead of regexps as step definition patterns:
this.Then('I should see "$title" as the page title', function (title, callback) {
// the above string is converted to the following Regexp by Cucumber:
// /^I should see "([^"]*)" as the page title$/
var pageTitle = this.browser.text('title');
if (title === pageTitle) {
callback();
} else {
callback.fail(new Error("Expected to be on page with title " + title));
}
});'I have $count "$string"' would translate to /^I have (.*) "([^"]*)"$/.
Hooks can be used to prepare and clean the environment before and after each scenario is executed.
To run something before every scenario, use before hooks:
// features/support/hooks.js (this path is just a suggestion)
var myHooks = function () {
this.Before(function (callback) {
// Just like inside step definitions, "this" is set to a World instance.
// It's actually the same instance the current scenario step definitions
// will receive.
// Let's say we have a bunch of "maintenance" methods available on our World
// instance, we can fire some to prepare the application for the next
// scenario:
this.bootFullTextSearchServer();
this.createSomeUsers();
// Don't forget to tell Cucumber when you're done:
callback();
});
};
module.exports = myHooks;The before hook counterpart is the after hook. It's similar in shape but is executed, well, after every scenario:
// features/support/after_hooks.js
var myAfterHooks = function () {
this.After(function (callback) {
// Again, "this" is set to the World instance the scenario just finished
// playing with.
// We can then do some cleansing:
this.emptyDatabase();
this.shutdownFullTextSearchServer();
// Release control:
callback();
});
};
module.exports = myAfterHooks;The after features event is emitted once all features have been executed, just before the process exits. It can be used for tasks such as closing your browser after running automated browser tests with selenium or phantomjs.
note: There are "Before" and "After" events for each of the following: "Features", "Feature", "Scenario", "Step" as well as the standalone events "Background" and "StepResult". e.g. "BeforeScenario".
// features/support/world.js
var webdriver = require("selenium-webdriver");
var World = function World(callback) {
this.driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.build();
callback();
}
module.exports = World;
// features/support/after_hooks.js
var myAfterHooks = function () {
this.registerHandler('AfterFeatures', function (event, callback) {
// clean up!
// Be careful, there is no World instance available on `this` here
// because all scenarios are done and World instances are long gone.
callback();
});
}
module.exports = myAfterHooks;It's also possible to combine both before and after hooks in one single definition with the help of around hooks:
// features/support/advanced_hooks.js
myAroundHooks = function () {
this.Around(function (runScenario) {
// "this" is - as always - an instance of World promised to the scenario.
// First do the "before scenario" tasks:
this.bootFullTextSearchServer();
this.createSomeUsers();
// When the "before" duty is finished, tell Cucumber to execute the scenario
// and pass a function to be called when the scenario is finished:
runScenario(function (callback) {
// Now, we can do our "after scenario" stuff:
this.emptyDatabase();
this.shutdownFullTextSearchServer();
// Tell Cucumber we're done:
callback();
});
});
};
module.exports = myAroundHooks;Hooks can be conditionally elected for execution based on the tags of the scenario.
// features/support/hooks.js (this path is just a suggestion)
var myHooks = function () {
this.Before("@foo", "@bar,@baz", function (callback) {
// This hook will be executed before scenarios tagged with @foo and either
// @bar or @baz.
// ...
callback();
});
};
module.exports = myHooks;You can access the scenario currently being run by adding a parameter to your function:
this.Before(function (scenario, callback) {
console.log(scenario.getName(), "(" + scenario.getUri() + ":" + scenario.getLine() + ")");
callback();
});The scenario object can also be used with around hooks:
this.Around(function (scenario, runScenario) {
console.log(scenario.getName(), "(" + scenario.getUri() + ":" + scenario.getLine() + ")");
runScenario(function(callback) {
console.log(scenario.getName(), "(" + scenario.getUri() + ":" + scenario.getLine() + ")");
callback();
});
});See
Cucumber.Api.Scenario
for more information about the scenario object.
You can attach text, images and files to the Cucumber report using the scenario object:
this.After(function (scenario, callback) {
scenario.attach('Some text');
callback();
});By default, text is saved with a MIME type of text/plain. You can also specify
a different MIME type:
this.After(function (scenario, callback) {
scenario.attach('{"name": "some JSON"}', 'application/json');
callback();
});Images and other binary data can be attached using a stream.Readable
this.After(function (scenario, callback) {
if (scenario.isFailed()) {
var stream = getScreenshotOfError();
scenario.attach(stream, 'image/png', function(err) {
callback(err);
});
}
else {
callback();
}
});Images and binary data can also be attached using a Buffer
this.After(function (scenario, callback) {
if (scenario.isFailed()) {
var buffer = getScreenshotOfError();
scenario.attach(buffer, 'image/png');
}
callback();
});Here is an example of saving a screenshot using WebDriver when a scenario fails
this.After(function (scenario, callback) {
if (scenario.isFailed()) {
webDriver.takeScreenshot().then(stream) {
scenario.attach(stream, 'image/png', function(err) {
callback(err);
});
}, function(err) {
callback(err);
});
}
else {
callback();
}
});Cucumber.js includes a binary file to execute the features.
If you installed cucumber.js globally, you may run it with:
$ cucumber.jsYou may specify the features to run:
$ cucumber.js features/my_feature.featureAnd require specific step definitions and support code files with the --require option:
$ cucumber.js features/my_feature.feature --require features/step_definitions/my_step_definitions.jsIf you installed Cucumber locally or with npm install --dev, you'll need to specify the path to the binary:
$ ./node_modules/.bin/cucumber.jsNote to Windows users: invoke Cucumber.js with cucumber-js instead of cucumber.js. The latter is causing the operating system to invoke JScript instead of Node.js, because of the so-called file extension.
A few example apps are available for you to browse:
See CONTRIBUTE.
- Twitter: @cucumber_js
- IRC: #cucumber on Freenode
- Google Groups: cukes
- Website: cucumber.io