Add missing BroadcastStyle and MemoryLayouts for cache styles

[DanielVandH]

WIP for what we were discussing @dlfivefifty. WIP because I need to fix this new StackOverflow

using SemiclassicalOrthogonalPolynomials
P = SemiclassicalJacobi(2, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)
B = diff(P).args[2]
n = 100

julia> B'.data[:, 1:1]
Warning: detected a stack overflow; program state may be corrupted, so further execution might be unreliable.
ERROR: StackOverflowError:
Stacktrace:
  [1] layout_broadcasted
    @ c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\lazybroadcasting.jl:9 [inlined]
  [2] layout_broadcasted
    @ c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\lazybroadcasting.jl:10 [inlined]
  [3] broadcasted
    @ c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\lazybroadcasting.jl:13 [inlined]
  [4] broadcasted
    @ .\broadcast.jl:1353 [inlined]
  [5] resize_bcargs!
    @ c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\cache.jl:399 [inlined]
  [6] copyto!(dest::SubArray{…}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{…})
    @ LazyArrays c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\cache.jl:421
  [7] copyto!(dest::SubArray{…}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{…}) (repeats 47525 times)
    @ LazyArrays c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\cache.jl:422
  [8] copyto!(dest::SubArray{…}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{…})
    @ LazyArrays c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\cache.jl:422
  [9] materialize!
    @ .\broadcast.jl:905 [inlined]
 [10] materialize!
    @ .\broadcast.jl:902 [inlined]
 [11] copyto!_layout(::ColumnMajor, ::BroadcastLayout{…}, dest::SubArray{…}, bc::SubArray{…})
    @ LazyArrays c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\lazybroadcasting.jl:43
 [12] copyto!_layout
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\memorylayout.jl:310 [inlined]
 [13] copyto!_layout
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:272 [inlined]
 [14] copyto!
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:288 [inlined]
 [15] sub_materialize(lay::LazyArrays.ApplyLayout{…}, V::SubArray{…}, ::Tuple{…})
    @ LazyArrays c:\Users\djv23\.julia\dev\LazyArrays.jl\src\lazyconcat.jl:887
 [16] sub_materialize
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:136 [inlined]
 [17] sub_materialize
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:137 [inlined]
 [18] layout_getindex
    @ C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:143 [inlined]
 [19] getindex(A::ApplyArray{Float64, 2, typeof(vcat), Tuple{Adjoint{…}, Adjoint{…}}}, kr::Colon, jr::UnitRange{Int64})
    @ ArrayLayouts C:\Users\djv23\.julia\packages\ArrayLayouts\FxFFC\src\ArrayLayouts.jl:156
 [20] eval(m::Module, e::Any)
    @ Core .\boot.jl:489
Some type information was truncated. Use `show(err)` to see complete types.

Also doesn't really change any of the timing issues we found - they're still on the same scale. Gotta do more digging. Creating the PR now just incase I can see what other downstream stuff might be breaking.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 95.89%. Comparing base (d7d4f63) to head (58fa1c1).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #387   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   95.88%   95.89%           
=======================================
  Files          17       17           
  Lines        3351     3359    +8     
=======================================
+ Hits         3213     3221    +8     
  Misses        138      138           

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[dlfivefifty]

There's no reason to assume the parent is an AbstractCachedArray (it could just conform to the cached array interface):

Suggested change

	cacheddata(A::Transpose{<:Any, <:AbstractCachedArray}) = transpose(cacheddata(parent(A)))
	cacheddata(A::Adjoint) = adjoint(cacheddata(parent(A)))
	cacheddata(A::Transpose) = transpose(cacheddata(parent(A)))

[dlfivefifty]

Should this be:

Suggested change

	transposelayout(::GenericCachedLayout) = GenericCachedLayout()
	transposelayout(::AbstractCachedLayout) = GenericCachedLayout()

(also next line)

[dlfivefifty]

Do we also need to support adjoints of views of cached arrays?

[DanielVandH]

I don't think that comes up but I can add support for it anyway