IPC ro RO
ASF include propria sa interfață IPC care poate fi utilizată pentru interacțiunea suplimentară cu procesul. IPC înseamnă comunicație între procese și, în cea mai simplă definiție, aceasta este "interfața web ASF" bazată pe serverul HTTP Kestrel care poate fi utilizată pentru integrarea ulterioară cu procesul, atât ca frontend pentru utilizatorul final (ASF-ui), cât și ca backend pentru integrări de terță parte (API-ul ASF).
IPC poate fi folosit pentru o mulțime de lucruri diferite, în funcție de nevoile și abilitățile tale. De exemplu, o poți folosi pentru preluarea statusului ASF și al tuturor roboților, trimițând comenzi ASF, preluarea și editarea configurațiilor globale/bot, adăugarea de boți noi, ștergerea boților existenți, trimiterea de chei pentru BGR sau accesarea fișierului jurnal al ASF. Toate aceste acţiuni sunt expuse de API-ul nostru, ceea ce înseamnă că poți programa propriile unelte și scripturi care vor putea comunica cu ASF și să îl influențeze în timpul rulării. În plus, acțiunile selectate (cum ar fi comenzile de trimitere) sunt, de asemenea, implementate de ASF-ui care vă permite să le accesați cu ușurință printr-o interfață web prietenoasă.
Cu excepția cazului în care ai dezactivat manual IPC prin IPC proprietatea de configurare globală, aceasta este activată implicit. ASF va afișa lansarea IPC în jurnalul său, pe care îl puteți utiliza pentru a verifica dacă interfața IPC a pornit corect:
NFO|ASF|Start() Starting IPC server...
INFO|ASF|Start() IPC server ready!
Serverul web ASF ascultă acum pe interfețele selectate. If you didn't provide a custom configuration file for IPC, it'll be localhost, both IPv4-based 127.0.0.1 and IPv6-based [::1] on default 1242 port. You can access our IPC interface through above links, but only from the same machine as the one running ASF process.
Interfața IPC a ASF expune trei moduri diferite de a o accesa, în funcție de utilizarea planificată.
La cel mai scăzut nivel există ASF API care este nucleul interfeței noastre IPC și permite tuturor celorlalte să funcționeze. Asta este ceea ce vrei să folosești în uneltele tale, utilitățile și proiectele tale pentru a comunica direct cu ASF.
Pe teren mediu există Documentația noastră de Swagger care acționează ca un frontend la ASF API. Include o documentație completă pentru ASF API și, de asemenea, vă permite să o accesați mai ușor. Acesta este lucrul pe care vrei să-l verifici dacă plănuiești să scrii un instrument, utilitar sau alte proiecte care urmează să comunice cu ASF prin API-ul său.
La cel mai înalt nivel se află ASF-ui, care se bazează pe API-ul nostru ASF și oferă o modalitate prietenoasă cu utilizatorul de a executa diverse acțiuni ASF. Aceasta este interfața noastră IPC implicită, concepută pentru utilizatori finali, și un exemplu perfect de ce poți construi cu API-ul ASF. Dacă dorești, poți folosi propria ta interfață web personalizată pentru a o utiliza cu ASF, specificând --path argumentul de linie de comandă și folosind directorul personalizat www situat acolo.
ASF-ui este un proiect comunitar care urmărește să creeze o interfață web grafică ușor de utilizat pentru utilizatorii finali. Pentru a realiza acest lucru, acționează ca un frontend pentru API-ul ASF, permițându-ți să efectuezi diverse acțiuni cu ușurință. Aceasta este interfața implicită cu care vine ASF.
Așa cum s-a menționat mai sus, ASF-ui este un proiect al comunității care nu este întreținut de dezvoltatorii principali ai ASF. Urmărește propriul său flux în repo-ul ASF-ui, care ar trebui folosit pentru toate întrebările, problemele, rapoartele de erori și sugestiile legate de acesta.
Poți folosi ASF-ui pentru gestionarea generală a procesului ASF. Permite, de exemplu, gestionarea boților, modificarea setărilor, trimiterea de comenzi și realizarea altor funcționalități selectate, disponibile în mod normal prin ASF.
API-ul nostru ASF este un API web tipic RESTful, care se bazează pe JSON ca format principal de date. Facem tot posibilul să descriem precis răspunsul, folosind atât coduri de stare HTTP (acolo unde este cazul), cât și un răspuns pe care îl poți analiza pentru a ști dacă cererea a avut succes și, dacă nu, de ce.
API-ul nostru ASF poate fi accesat trimițând cereri corespunzătoare către punctele de acces /Api adecvate. Poți utiliza aceste puncte de acces API pentru a-ți crea propriile scripturi de ajutor, unelte, interfețe grafice și altele similare. Exact acest lucru realizează ASF-ui în spatele scenei, iar orice alt instrument poate realiza același lucru. API-ul ASF este oficial susținut și întreținut de echipa principală ASF.
Pentru documentația completă a punctelor de acces disponibile, descrierilor, cererilor, răspunsurilor, codurilor de stare HTTP și a tuturor celorlalte informații referitoare la API-ul ASF, te rugăm să consulți documentația noastră Swagger.
Our IPC interface supports extra config file, IPC.config that should be put in standard ASF's config directory.
When available, this file specifies advanced configuration of ASF's Kestrel http server, together with other IPC-related tuning. Unless you have a particular need, there is no reason for you to use this file, as ASF is already using sensible defaults in this case.
The configuration file is based on following JSON structure:
{
"Kestrel": {
"Endpoints": {
"example-http4": {
"Url": "http://127.0.0.1:1242"
},
"example-http6": {
"Url": "http://[::1]:1242"
},
"example-https4": {
"Url": "https://127.0.0.1:1242",
"Certificate": {
"Path": "/path/to/certificate.pfx",
"Password": "passwordToPfxFileAbove"
}
},
"example-https6": {
"Url": "https://[::1]:1242",
"Certificate": {
"Path": "/path/to/certificate.pfx",
"Password": "passwordToPfxFileAbove"
}
}
},
"KnownNetworks": [
"10.0.0.0/8",
"172.16.0.0/12",
"192.168.0.0/16"
],
"PathBase": "/"
}
}Endpoints - This is a collection of endpoints, each endpoint having its own unique name (like example-http4) and Url property that specifies Protocol://Host:Port listening address. By default, ASF listens on IPv4 and IPv6 http addresses, but we've added https examples for you to use, if needed. You should declare only those endpoints that you need, we've included 4 example ones above so you can edit them easier.
Host accepts either localhost, a fixed IP address of the interface it should listen on (IPv4/IPv6), or * value that binds ASF's http server to all available interfaces. Using other values like mydomain.com or 192.168.0.* acts the same as *, there is no IP filtering implemented, therefore be extremely careful when you use Host values that allow remote access. Doing so will enable access to ASF's IPC interface from other machines, which may pose a security risk. We strongly recommend to use IPCPassword (and preferably your own firewall too) at a minimum in this case.
KnownNetworks - This optional variable specifies network addresses which we consider trustworthy. By default, ASF is configured to trust loopback interface (localhost, same machine) only. This property is used in two ways. Firstly, if you omit IPCPassword, then we'll allow only machines from known networks to access ASF's API, and deny everybody else as a security measure. Secondly, this property is crucial in regards to reverse-proxies accessing ASF, as ASF will honor its headers only if the reverse-proxy server is from within known networks. Honoring the headers is crucial in regards to ASF's anti-bruteforce mechanism, as instead of banning the reverse-proxy in case of a problem, it'll ban the IP specified by the reverse-proxy as the source of the original message. Be extremely careful with the networks you specify here, as it allows a potential IP spoofing attack and unauthorized access in case the trusted machine is compromised or wrongly configured.
PathBase - This is optional base path that will be used by IPC interface. Defaults to / and shouldn't be required to modify for majority of use cases. By changing this property you'll host entire IPC interface on a custom prefix, for example http://localhost:1242/MyPrefix instead of http://localhost:1242 alone. Using custom PathBase may be wanted in combination with specific setup of a reverse proxy where you'd like to proxy a specific URL only, for example mydomain.com/ASF instead of entire mydomain.com domain. Normally that would require from you to write a rewrite rule for your web server that would map mydomain.com/ASF/Api/X -> localhost:1242/Api/X, but instead you can define a custom PathBase of /ASF and achieve easier setup of mydomain.com/ASF/Api/X -> localhost:1242/ASF/Api/X.
Unless you truly need to specify a custom base path, it's best to leave it at default.
The following config simply changes default ASF listening port from 1242 to 1337. You can pick any port you like, but we recommend 1024-32767 range, as other ports are typically registered, and may for example require root access on Linux.
{
"Kestrel": {
"Endpoints": {
"HTTP4": {
"Url": "http://127.0.0.1:1337"
},
"HTTP6": {
"Url": "http://[::1]:1337"
}
}
}
}The following config will allow remote access from all sources, therefore you should ensure that you read and understood our security notice about that, available above.
{
"Kestrel": {
"Endpoints": {
"HTTP": {
"Url": "http://*:1242"
}
}
}
}If you do not require access from all sources, but for example your LAN only, then it's much better idea to check local IP address of the machine hosting ASF, for example 192.168.0.10 and use it instead of * in example config above. Sadly that's only possible if your LAN address is always the same, as otherwise you'll probably have more satisfying results with * and your own firewall on top of that allowing only local subnets to access ASF's port.
ASF IPC interface by default does not require any sort of authentication, as IPCPassword is set to null. However, if IPCPassword is enabled by being set to any non-empty value, every call to ASF's API requires the password that matches set IPCPassword. If you omit authentication or input wrong password, you'll get 401 - Unauthorized error. After 5 failed authentication attempts (wrong password), you'll get temporarily blocked with 403 - Forbidden error.
Authentication can be done through two separate ways.
In general you should use HTTP request headers, by setting Authentication field with your password as a value. The way of doing that depends on the actual tool you're using for accessing ASF's IPC interface, for example if you're using curl then you should add -H 'Authentication: MyPassword' as a parameter. This way authentication is passed in the headers of the request, where it in fact should take place.
Alternatively you can append password parameter to the end of the URL you're about to call, for example by calling /Api/ASF?password=MyPassword instead of /Api/ASF alone. This approach is good enough, but obviously it exposes password in the open, which is not necessarily always appropriate. In addition to that it's extra argument in the query string, which complicates the look of the URL and makes it feel like it's URL-specific, while password applies to entire ASF API communication.
Both ways are supported and it's totally up to you which one you want to choose. We recommend to use HTTP headers everywhere where you can, as usage-wise it's more appropriate than query string. However, we support query string as well, mainly because of various limitations related to request headers. A good example includes lack of custom headers while initiating a websocket connection in javascript (even though it's completely valid according to the RFC). In this situation query string is the only way to authenticate.
Our IPC interface, in additon to ASF API and ASF-ui also includes swagger documentation, which is available under /swagger URL. Swagger documentation serves as a middle-man between our API implementation and other tools using it (e.g. ASF-ui). It provides a complete documentation and availability of all API endpoints in OpenAPI specification that can be easily consumed by other projects, allowing you to write and test ASF API with ease.
Apart from using our swagger documentation as a complete specification of ASF API, you can also use it as user-friendly way to execute various API endpoints, mainly those that are not implemented by ASF-ui. Since our swagger documentation is generated automatically from ASF code, you have a guarantee that the documentation will always be up-to-date with the API endpoints that your version of ASF includes.
ASF by default listens only on localhost addresses, which means that accessing ASF IPC from any other machine but your own is impossible. Unless you modify default endpoints, attacker would need a direct access to your own machine in order to access ASF's IPC, therefore it's as secure as it can be and there is no possibility of anybody else accessing it, even from your own LAN.
However, if you decide to change default localhost bind addresses to something else, then you're supposed to set proper firewall rules yourself in order to allow only authorized IPs to access ASF's IPC interface. In addition to doing that, you will need to set up IPCPassword, as ASF will refuse to let other machines access ASF API without one, which adds another layer of extra security. You may also want to run ASF's IPC interface behind a reverse proxy in this case, which is further explained below.
Yes, this is what ASF API was designed for and you can use anything capable of sending a HTTP request to access it. Local userscripts follow CORS logic, and we allow access from all origins for them (*), as long as IPCPassword is set, as an extra security measure. This allows you to execute various authenticated ASF API requests, without allowing potentially malicious scripts to do that automatically (as they'd need to know your IPCPassword to do that).
Yes, we recommend to use a reverse proxy for that. This way you can access your web server in typical way, which will then access ASF's IPC on the same machine. Alternatively, if you don't want to run with a reverse proxy, you can use custom configuration with appropriate URL for that. For example, if your machine is in a VPN with 10.8.0.1 address, then you can set http://10.8.0.1:1242 listening URL in IPC config, which would enable IPC access from within your private VPN, but not from anywhere else.
Yes, our IPC is fully compatible with such setup, so you're free to host it also in front of your own tools for extra security and compatibility, if you'd like to. In general ASF's Kestrel http server is very secure and possesses no risk when being connected directly to the internet, but putting it behind a reverse-proxy such as Apache or Nginx could provide extra functionality that wouldn't be possible to achieve otherwise, such as securing ASF's interface with a basic auth.
Example Nginx configuration can be found below. We've included full server block, although you're interested mainly in location ones. Please refer to nginx documentation if you need further explanation.
server {
listen *:443 ssl;
server_name asf.mydomain.com;
ssl_certificate /path/to/your/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/privkey.pem;
location ~* /Api/NLog {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1242;
# Only if you need to override default host
# proxy_set_header Host 127.0.0.1;
# X-headers should always be specified when proxying requests to ASF
# They're crucial for proper identification of original IP, allowing ASF to e.g. ban the actual offenders instead of your nginx server
# Specifying them allows ASF to properly resolve IP addresses of users making requests - making nginx work as a reverse proxy
# Not specifying them will cause ASF to treat your nginx as the client - nginx will act as a traditional proxy in this case
# If you're unable to host nginx service on the same machine as ASF, you most likely want to set KnownNetworks appropriately in addition to those
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
# We add those 3 extra options for websockets proxying, see https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1242;
# Only if you need to override default host
# proxy_set_header Host 127.0.0.1;
# X-headers should always be specified when proxying requests to ASF
# They're crucial for proper identification of original IP, allowing ASF to e.g. ban the actual offenders instead of your nginx server
# Specifying them allows ASF to properly resolve IP addresses of users making requests - making nginx work as a reverse proxy
# Not specifying them will cause ASF to treat your nginx as the client - nginx will act as a traditional proxy in this case
# If you're unable to host nginx service on the same machine as ASF, you most likely want to set KnownNetworks appropriately in addition to those
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
}
}Example Apache configuration can be found below. Please refer to apache documentation if you need further explanation.
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName asf.mydomain.com
SSLEngine On
SSLCertificateFile /path/to/your/fullchain.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/your/privkey.pem
# TODO: Apache can't do case-insensitive matching properly, so we hardcode two most commonly used cases
ProxyPass "/api/nlog" "ws://127.0.0.1:1242/api/nlog"
ProxyPass "/Api/NLog" "ws://127.0.0.1:1242/Api/NLog"
ProxyPass "/" "http://127.0.0.1:1242/"
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>Yes, you can achieve it through two different ways. A recommended way would be to use a reverse proxy for that, where you can access your web server through https like usual, and connect through it with ASF's IPC interface on the same machine. This way your traffic is fully encrypted and you don't need to modify IPC in any way to support such setup.
Second way includes specifying a custom config for ASF's IPC interface where you can enable https endpoint and provide appropriate certificate directly to our Kestrel http server. This way is recommended if you're not running any other web server and don't want to run one exclusively for ASF. Otherwise, it's much easier to achieve a satisfying setup by using a reverse proxy mechanism.
During startup of IPC I'm getting an error: System.IO.IOException: Failed to bind to address, An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions
This error indicates that something else on your machine is either already using that port, or reserved it for future use. This could be you if you're attempting to run second ASF instance on the same machine, but most often that's Windows excluding port 1242 from your usage, therefore you'll have to move ASF to another port. In order to do that, follow example config above, and simply try to pick another port, such as 12420.
Of course you could also try to find out what is blocking port 1242 from ASF usage, and remove that, but that's usually far more troublesome than simply instructing ASF to use another port, so we'll skip elaborating further on that here.
ASF includes additional security measure that, by default, allows only loopback interface (localhost, your own machine) to access ASF API without IPCPassword set in the config. This is because using IPCPassword should be a minimum security measure set by everybody who decides to expose ASF interface further.
The change was dictated by the fact that massive amount of ASFs hosted globally by unaware users were being taken over for malicious intents, usually leaving people without accounts and without items on them. Now we could say "they could read this page before opening ASF to the entire world", but instead it makes more sense to disallow insecure ASF setups by default, and require from users an action if they explicitly want to allow it, which we elaborate about below.
In particular, you're able to override our decision by specifying the networks which you trust to reach ASF without IPCPassword specified, you can set those in KnownNetworks property in custom config. However, unless you really know what you're doing and fully understand the risks, you should instead use IPCPassword as declaring KnownNetworks will allow everybody from those networks to access ASF API unconditionally. We're serious, people were already shooting themselves in the foot believing their reverse proxies and iptables rules were secure, but they weren't, IPCPassword is the first and sometimes the last guardian, if you decide to opt out of this simple, yet very effective and secure mechanism, you'll have only yourself to blame.
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